基于关键块理论的井下泥石流机理力学模型

牛向东; 侯克鹏; 孙华芬

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20230525

基于关键块理论的井下泥石流机理力学模型

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20230525

牛向东^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
侯克鹏¹,
孙华芬^1, ,

1.
昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院，云南昆明 650093
2.
昆明冶金高等专科学校冶金与矿业学院，云南昆明 650033
3.
昆明理工大学云南省中-德蓝色矿山与特殊地下空间开发利用重点实验室，云南昆明 650093
4.
云南亚融矿业科技有限公司，云南昆明 650000

基金项目: 云南省科学技术厅项目（KKS0202121020）

详细信息

作者简介:
牛向东（1986—），男，讲师，博士，研究方向为矿山井下泥石流及地下工程灾害防控，E-mail：1194846856@qq.com

通讯作者:
孙华芬（1984—），女，副教授，研究方向为矿山岩石力学及采矿方法理论，E-mail：154221644@qq.com

中图分类号: TD853
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- 文章访问数: 48
- HTML全文浏览量: 27
- PDF下载量: 11
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-07
- 修回日期: 2024-02-23
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-12
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-29

Mechanical Model of Downhole Debris Flow Mechanism Based on Key Block Theory

NIU Xiangdong^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
HOU Kepeng¹,
SUN Huafen^{1
, ,}

1.
Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
2.
College of Metallurgy and Mining, Kunming Metallurgy College, Kunming 650033, China
3.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sino-German Blue Mining and Utilization of Special Underground Space, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
4.
Yunnan Yarong Mining Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, China

摘要

摘要:
为实现对自然崩落法开采矿山井下泥石流定量的精准防控，利用室内大型井下泥石流试验方法，以普朗铜矿井下泥石流为研究对象，对形成井下泥石流的通道类型及诱发机理进行分析，得出井下泥石流诱发的临界条件；基于关键块理论，对处于临界条件下井下泥石流关键块体进行力学分析，构建井下泥石流诱发机理的力学模型，推导出井下泥石流诱发的理论临界出矿量. 研究结果表明：不均匀放矿条件下，易在崩落矿石层中形成3种类型的泥石流通道（放矿直通道、离层通道和弯曲通道）；井下泥石流形成时空演化机理需要经历4个发展阶段（泥石流通道形成扩展阶段、物源运移聚集阶段、降雨径流积水阶段和震动因子诱发阶段）；井下泥石流诱发临界条件是冰碛层和矿石层界面出现离层空间，并利用普朗铜矿2019—2022年间井下泥石流发生次数及降低率验证此力学模型的准确性和可靠性.
- 自然崩落法 /
- 井下泥石流 /
- 关键块理论 /
- 机理力学模型 /
- 试验研究
Abstract:
To achieve quantitative and precise prevention and control of downhole debris flows in mines mined by the natural caving method, a large-scale laboratory experimental method for downhole debris flow was employed by taking the Plan copper mine as a case study. The channel types and inducing mechanism of the downhole debris flow formation were analyzed, revealing the critical conditions for the occurrence of downhole debris flow. The key block theory was applied to conduct a mechanical analysis of the key block of downhole debris flows under critical conditions. A mechanical model of the inducing mechanism of the downhole debris flow was constructed, and the theoretical critical ore yield induced by the natural caving method was deduced. The results show that under non-uniform ore drawing conditions, three types of debris flow channels are prone to form in the caved ore layer: straight ore drawing channels, separated layer channels, and curved channels. The spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of the formation of a downhole debris flow involves four stages: formation and expansion of the debris flow channel, migration and accumulation of source material, accumulation of runoff water from rainfall, and induction through vibration factors. The critical condition for inducing downhole debris flow is the formation of a certain separation space at the interface between the moraine layer and the ore layer. The accuracy and reliability of the model were verified by the occurrence frequency and reduction rate of underground debris flow in the Plan copper mine from 2019 to 2022.
- natural caving method /
- downhole debris flow /
- key block theory /
- mechanical model of mechanism /
- experimental study

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图 1 普朗铜矿自然崩落法示意

Figure 1. Schematic of natural caving method at Pulang copper mine

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图 2 室内大型井下泥石流试验装置设计图（单位：cm）

Figure 2. Design drawing of test device for large-scale laboratory downhole debris flow （unit: cm）

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图 3 矿石层和冰碛层试验装填模型

Figure 3. Test loading model for ore layer and moraine layer

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图 4 矿石层和冰碛层试验装填实物（单位：cm）

Figure 4. Physical specimen of test loading of ore layer and moraine layer (unit: cm)

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图 5 矿山现场冰碛物颗粒粒径级配曲线

Figure 5. Grain size distribution curve of moraine at mine site

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图 6 不均匀放矿条件下第4个循环放矿过程部分图

Figure 6. Partial diagram of the 4th circulating ore drawing process under non-uniform ore drawing conditions

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图 7 不均匀放矿条件下第5个循环放矿过程部分图

Figure 7. Partial diagram of the 5th circulating ore drawing process under non-uniform ore drawing conditions

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图 8 各放矿循环矿岩界面形态

Figure 8. Interface shape of ore and rock of each ore drawing cycle

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图 9 室内大型井下泥石流不均匀放矿条件下的冰碛物泥石流通道

Figure 9. Moraine debris flow channel in large-scale laboratory downhole debris flow under non-uniform ore drawing conditions

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图 10 设计泥石流口发生泥石流后的三视图

Figure 10. Three-view diagram of debris flow outlet after debris flow occurrence

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图 11 室内大型井下泥石流试验离层空间和关键块示意

Figure 11. Separation space and key blocks in large-scale laboratory downhole debris flow test

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图 12 普朗铜矿地表冰碛物与井下泥石流物质的矿物成分对比

Figure 12. Histogram of mineral composition of surface moraine and downhole debris flow materials at Pulang copper mine

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图 13 放矿前各物质状态抽象模型

Figure 13. Abstract model of each material state before ore drawing

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图 14 放矿过程中某一时刻各物质状态抽象模型

Figure 14. Abstract model of each material state at a certain moment during ore drawing

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