Modeling and Simulation of a Novel Heteropolar Radial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing
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摘要:
针对高速电机和飞轮储能系统等对空间利用率要求较高的场合，提出一种新型异极径向混合磁轴承(Heteropolar radial hybrid magnetic bearing，HRHMB). 首先，建立该磁轴承的等效磁路模型，通过解析磁场得出其电流刚度、位移刚度及电磁力，并通过有限元仿真验证其有效性；然后，在相同约束条件下与传统偏置磁轴承进行对比，分析磁轴承的刚度特性和空间利用率；最后，通过有限元仿真研究新型磁轴承径向两自由度间的电磁力耦合，并与传统磁轴承进行对比. 研究结果表明：在相同承载力等约束条件下，该新型磁轴承的体积仅为传统磁轴承的0.87倍，其电磁力在控制电流和转子位移影响下的相对误差值为6.5%，而传统磁轴承的电磁力相对误差为13.6%，表明新型磁轴承径向两自由度的电磁力耦合小于传统磁轴承，解耦效果良好.
Abstract:For environments with high space utilization rate requirements such as high-speed motors and flywheel energy storage systems, a novel heteropolar radial hybrid magnetic bearing (HRHMB) was proposed. Firstly, the equivalent magnetic circuit model of the new magnetic bearing was established, and the current stiffness, displacement stiffness, and electromagnetic force were obtained by analyzing the magnetic field. The effectiveness was verified by finite element simulation. Then, the stiffness characteristics and space utilization rate of the magnetic bearing were analyzed by comparison with the traditional biased magnetic bearing under the same constraint conditions. Finally, the electromagnetic force coupling between two degrees of freedom in the radial direction of the novel magnetic bearing was studied by finite element simulation and compared with the traditional magnetic bearing. The results show that the volume of the novel magnetic bearing is only 0.87 times that of traditional magnetic bearing under the same bearing capacity and other constraints. At the same time, under the influence of control current and rotor displacement, the relative error value of the electromagnetic force for the novel magnetic bearing is 6.5%, while that for the traditional magnetic bearing is 13.6%. The radial two-degree-of-freedom electromagnetic force coupling of the new magnetic bearing is smaller than that of the traditional magnetic bearing, and the decoupling effect is good.
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图 9 2种磁轴承的永磁磁通密度分布
Figure 9. Permanent magnetic flux density distribution of two types of magnetic bearings
图 10 2种磁轴承的位移刚度和电流刚度对比
Figure 10. Comparison of displacement stiffness and current stiffness of two types of magnetic bearings
图 12 转子不偏心时控制电流的耦合特性
Figure 12. Coupling characteristics of control current when rotor is not eccentric
图 13 转子偏移0.1mm时控制电流的耦合特性
Figure 13. Coupling characteristics of control current when rotor offsets 0.1 mm
表 1 磁轴承主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of magnetic bearing
参数 传统 新型 定子外直径/mm 130 139 转子外直径/mm 50 50 轴向长度/mm 45 45 主气隙长度/mm 0.5 0.5 辅助气隙长度/mm 1 永磁体厚度/mm 2 3 永磁体宽度/mm 15 8 磁极截面积/mm2 920 1560 最大控制电流/A 3.6 12/3 
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