Prediction Model for Water Film Thickness of Drainage Asphalt Pavement under Ultimate Rainfall Intensity
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摘要:
为研究多车道排水沥青路面在极限降雨强度下的水膜厚度变化规律，基于排水沥青路面渗流特性，在室内铺筑了多车道排水沥青路面足尺试验段，测量不同降雨强度下路表水膜厚度，分析水膜厚度随降雨强度和路面排水路径长度等影响因素的变化规律，构建强降雨下排水沥青路面水膜厚度预估模型，并在广西南宁绕城高速对预估模型进行现场验证；基于水膜厚度预估模型，提出排水沥青路面不出现水膜的极限降雨强度. 研究结果表明：排水沥青路面表面的实测水膜厚度随着路面排水路径变长而增加，且随降雨强度增大而急速增加，在雨量不大的中小雨阶段，在距道路中心3 m范围内不会出现水膜；水膜厚度随降雨量、排水路径长度增大而增大，而随路面厚度、坡度和空隙率增加而减小；在排水路径长度不超过2 m时，排水沥青路面可承受特大暴雨而不会出现水膜，当排水路径长度超过10 m后，降雨强度达到大雨等级会形成路表水膜.
Abstract:In order to study the variation law of water film thickness of multi-lane drainage asphalt pavement under ultimate rainfall intensity, a full-scale experimental section of multi-lane drainage asphalt pavement was constructed in the laboratory based on the seepage characteristics of drainage asphalt pavement. The water film thickness of the road surface was measured under different rainfall intensities, and the variation law of water film thickness with factors such as rainfall intensity and drainage path length of the pavement was analyzed. A model for predicting the water film thickness of drainage asphalt pavement under heavy rainfall was proposed, and on-site verification of the prediction model was conducted on the Nanning Ring Expressway in Guangxi Province. The ultimate rainfall intensity for drainage asphalt pavement without water film was determined based on a water film thickness prediction model. The research results indicate that the measured water film thickness of the drainage asphalt pavement increases with the drainage path length of the pavement and rapidly increases with the increase in rainfall intensity. During moderate to light rain periods with minimal rainfall, no water film will appear within 3 m of the road center; the water film thickness increases with the increase in rainfall and drainage path length, and it decreases with the increase in pavement thickness, slope, and porosity; when the drainage path length does not exceed 2 m, drainage asphalt pavement can withstand extremely heavy rainstorm without water film. When the drainage path length exceeds 10 m, the rainfall intensity reaches the level of heavy rain, which will form a water film on the road surface.
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Key words:
- asphalt pavement /
- rainfall /
- traffic safety /
- water film /
- model structure
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图 1 排水沥青路面渗流潜水面三维示意
Figure 1. 3D schematic diagram of seepage surface of drainage asphalt pavement
图 2 排水沥青路面自然降雨随时间入渗过程
Figure 2. Seepage process of drainage asphalt pavement under natural rainfall with time
图 5 不同降雨强度下路表水膜厚度变化曲线
Figure 5. Variation of water film thickness of road surface under different rainfall intensities
图 6 排水沥青路面路表水膜厚度实测值和拟合值
Figure 6. Relationship between measured water film thickness of drainage asphalt pavement and fitting value
图 9 PAC-13路面水膜厚度实测分布散点图
Figure 9. Scatter diagram of measured water film thickness distribution on PAC-13 pavement
图 10 PAC-13路面实测水膜厚度随降雨量的变化
Figure 10. Variation of measured water film thickness of PAC-13 pavement with rainfall
图 11 PAC-13路面水膜厚度理论模型值分布散点图
Figure 11. Scatter diagram of theoretical model value distribution of water film thickness of PAC-13 pavement
表 1 降雨强度试验模拟值换算
Table 1. Simulated value conversion in rainfall intensity experiment
降雨强度等级 q/mm 水表读数/（mm•s−1） 小雨 （0，10.0] 0.000423 中雨 （10.0，25.0] 0.000872 大雨 （25.0，50.0] 0.001256 暴雨 （50.0，100.0] 0.001718 大暴雨 （100.0，250.0] 0.001897 
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表 2 排水沥青路面试验段实测数据（大暴雨状态为例）
Table 2. Measured data of experimental section of drainage asphalt pavement （taking heavy rainstorm as an example）
l/m h/mm i/% V/% hq/mm q/mm 1 38.7 2.0 20.4 0.2 160 2 40.2 2.0 19.8 0.5 160 3 43.6 2.0 19.1 0.8 160 4 45.1 2.0 18.5 1.2 160 5 46.3 2.0 18.3 1.9 160 6 48.3 2.0 19.5 2.1 160 7 49.6 2.0 19.8 2.2 160 8 51.4 2.0 20.6 2.4 160 9 53.2 2.0 20.2 2.7 160 10 54.7 2.0 19.9 2.6 160 11 56.9 2.0 19.2 3.0 160 12 58.6 2.0 20.3 3.7 160
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表 3 极限降雨强度的试算结果
Table 3. Calculation results of ultimate rainfall intensity
$ l $/m $ h $/m $ i $/% $ V $/% $ {q}_{{\mathrm{max}}} $/（mm•d−1） 承受降雨强度等级 1 0.04 2.0 21 282.491 特大暴雨 2 0.04 2.0 21 258.972 特大暴雨 3 0.04 2.0 21 235.334 大暴雨 4 0.04 2.0 21 211.577 大暴雨 5 0.04 2.0 21 187.700 大暴雨 6 0.04 2.0 21 163.704 大暴雨 7 0.04 2.0 21 139.586 大暴雨 8 0.04 2.0 21 115.347 大暴雨 9 0.04 2.0 21 90.985 暴雨 10 0.04 2.0 21 66.501 暴雨 11 0.04 2.0 21 41.894 大雨
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