Design and Magnetic Force Characteristic Analysis of Magnetic Levitation Bearing for Artificial Kidney Pumps
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摘要:
代替透析膜的持续离心分离新方法提高了依赖血液透析治疗的肾脏病患者生活质量，随之，人工肾脏泵的研究被很多学者关注. 但传统人工肾脏泵采用滚动轴承进行支撑，存在溶血高、血栓率高等问题，为此，本文利用磁悬浮轴承的非接触、无润滑、高转速等优点，研发了一种应用于人工肾脏泵的结构紧凑且节能的单自由度控制型磁悬浮轴承. 利用有限元分析软件进行仿真，探索径向被动控制部分和轴向主动控制部分的设计参数，并对总体进行仿真验证，进而对磁悬浮轴承进行结构性能评估. 结果表明：仿真与实验的径向位移刚度系数分别为47.432 N/mm和49.531 N/mm，轴向电流刚度系数分别为0.144 N/AT和0.135 N/AT，轴向位移刚度系数为223.071 N/mm，满足该磁悬浮轴承的五自由度稳定悬浮要求；所设计的磁悬浮轴承简化了系统结构，减小了控制难度以及降低了系统功耗.
Abstract:The new method of continuous centrifugal separation instead of dialysis membrane has improved the quality of life of patients with kidney disease who depend on hemodialysis treatment. As a result, the research on artificial kidney pumps has been paid much attention by many scholars, but the conventional artificial kidney pump is supported by rolling bearings, and it thus causes problems such as high hemolysis and high thrombosis rate. In order to solve these problems, this paper developed a compact and energy-saving single-degree-of-freedom controlled magnetic levitation bearing applied to an artificial kidney pump by using the advantages of non-contact, non-lubrication, and high rotation speed of magnetic levitation bearing. The finite element analysis software was used for simulation to explore the design parameters of the radial passive control part and the axial active control part, and the overall simulation was verified. Then the structural performance of the magnetic levitation bearing was evaluated. The results show that the simulated and experimental radial displacement stiffness coefficients are 47.432 N/mm and 49.531 N/mm; the axial current stiffness coefficients are 0.144 N/AT and 0.135 N/AT, and the axial displacement stiffness coefficient is 223.071 N/mm, which meet the requirements of five-degree-of-freedom stable suspension of this magnetic levitation bearing. The designed magnetic levitation bearing simplifies the system structure, reduces the control difficulty, and lowers the power consumption of the system.
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图 2 单自由度控制型磁悬浮轴承
Figure 2. Single-degree-of-freedom controlled magnetic levitation bearing
图 9 线圈电流安匝数和轴向力的关系
Figure 9. Relationship between coil current ampere-turns and axial force
图 10 初始平衡位置的磁场强度仿真云图
Figure 10. Simulation cloud of magnetic field strength at initial equilibrium position
图 11 转子向上移动0.3mm的磁场强度仿真云图
Figure 11. Simulation cloud of magnetic field strength for 0.3 mm upward movement of rotor
图 12 径向位移和径向力的关系
Figure 12. Relationships between radial displacement and radial force
图 13 线圈电流安匝数和轴向力的关系
Figure 13. Relationships between coil current ampere-turns and axial force
图 14 线圈电流安匝数和径向力的关系
Figure 14. Relationships between coil current ampere-turns and radial force
图 17 单自由度磁悬浮轴承的转子
Figure 17. Rotor for single-degree-of-freedom magnetic levitation bearing
图 21 径向位移和径向力的关系
Figure 21. Relationships between radial displacement and radial force
表 1 径向永磁铁参数
Table 1. Radial permanent magnet parameters
参数 数值 定子永磁铁外径 D1/mm 25 定子永磁铁内径 d1/mm 19 定子永磁铁高度 h1/mm 6 动子永磁铁外径 D2/mm 16 动子永磁铁内径 d2/mm 8 动子永磁铁高度 h2/mm 6 两永磁铁的轴向间隙 H/mm 2 永磁铁间距/mm 1.5 永磁铁材料 钕铁硼 N52 
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表 2 轴向主动控制结构参数
Table 2. Structural parameters of axial active control
参数 数值 永磁铁材料 钕铁硼 N33 永磁铁外径 D3 （内径 d3）/mm 37（31） 永磁铁的高度 h3/mm 2 法兰型背轭外径 D4 （内径 d4） /mm 59（29） 法兰型背轭总高度 h4/mm 10 法兰型背轭槽外径 D5 （内径 d5） /mm 51（37） 法兰型背轭槽深 h5/mm 7 磁轭总高 h6/mm 5 磁轭槽深 h7/mm 2 线圈线径/mm 0.493 线圈匝数 204 线圈截面积/mm2 49 线圈电感/mH 2.431 线圈电阻/Ω 3.252
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