Simulation of Dynamic Coupling of Metro-Earth-Grid for DC Interference in Rail Transit
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摘要:
针对中性点接地变压器直流偏磁电流受轨道交通动态杂散电流泄漏和段场接地影响的问题，综合考虑多列车运行工况，建立杂散电流分布扩散的车地网耦合模型，并采用复镜像法计算大地电位；定义接地网的自电阻系数和互电阻系数，建立直流偏磁电流与大地电位的耦合关系，根据杂散电流侵入路径的拓扑结构，构建大地电位和直流偏磁电流的场路耦合模型；设计轨道交通杂散电流侵入电网的缩比模拟试验，并通过试验与模型计算进行验证. 研究结果表明：试验结果和模型计算之间的最大误差为8.41%；钢轨对地过渡电阻从3.00 Ω·km增大到15.00 Ω·km，直流偏磁电流的绝对平均值减小82.4%；在车辆段和正线之间采用阻断式连接装置比采用单向导通装置减小23.45%的直流偏磁电流.
Abstract:In response to the problem that direct current (DC) bias current of neutral grounded transformer is affected by dynamic stray current leakage and depot grounding of rail transit, a metro-earth-grid coupling model of stray current distribution and diffusion under multi-train operation was proposed, and the complex image method was used to calculate the earth potential. The self and mutual resistance coefficients of grounding grids were defined, and the coupling relationship between DC bias current and earth potential was proposed. The field-circuit coupling model of earth potential and DC bias current was built according to the topology of stray current intrusion path. A scaled-down simulation test of stray current intrusion into the grid for rail transit was designed, and tests and model calculation were conducted for verification. The results show that the maximum error between the experimental data and the model calculation data is 8.41%. The rail-to-earth transition resistance increases from 3.00 Ω·km to 15.00 Ω·km, and the absolute average of DC bias current decreases by 82.4%. Using a blocking connection device between the car depot and the main line can reduce DC bias current by 23.45% compared with using a unidirectional conduction device.
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Key words:
- DC traction power supply system /
- stray current /
- DC magnetic bias
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图 1 杂散电流分布和扩散的车地网耦合模型
Figure 1. Metro-earth-grid coupling model of stray current distribution and diffusion
图 4 直流偏磁电流模拟试验示意（单位：cm）
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of DC bias current simulation test (unit: cm)
图 7 变电站和地铁线路之间的位置关系
Figure 7. Location relationship between substation and subway line
图 10 钢轨对地过渡电阻和直流偏磁电流的关系
Figure 10. Relationship between rail-to-earth transition resistance and DC bias current
图 11 车辆段CD连接方式和直流偏磁电流的关系
Figure 11. Relationship between the connection mode of car depot CD and DC bias current
表 1 直流偏磁电流模拟试验主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of DC bias current simulation test
参数 数值 铜网深度/mm 10 石墨棒深度/mm 10 接地模块线路电阻/Ω 0.018 盐溶液电导率/（mS·cm−1） 1.56，1.86，2.11，2.36 石墨棒载流/A 30，40，50，60 
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表 2 变电所的位置坐标
Table 2. Location coordinates of substations
变电所 A B C D 坐标 （10，−2） （4，−5） （6，7） （15，−4）
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表 3 模型的主要参数
Table 3. Main parameters of the model
模型 参数 数值 直流地铁线路 一行钢轨电阻/（Ω·km−1） 0.018 SCCN电阻/（Ω·km−1） 0.066 SCCN埋地深度/m 0.6 钢轨对地过渡电阻/（Ω·km） 5.5 钢轨电位限制器接地电阻/Ω 0.04 发车间隔/s 300 停站时间/s 30 交流电网系统 接地网接地电阻/Ω 2 接地网埋地深度/m 0.8 避雷线/（Ω·km−1） 0.5 500 kV变压器阻抗/Ω 1 220 kV变压器阻抗/Ω 2 500 kV变压器额定容量/（MV·A） 750 220 kV变压器额定容量/（MV·A） 240 500 kV变压器直流偏磁电流允许值/A 18.2 220 kV变压器直流偏磁电流允许值/A 13.2 输电线路阻抗/（Ω·km−1） 0.01 土壤模型 混凝土/（Ω·m） 180 土壤/（Ω·m） 100 混凝土厚度/m 1
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表 4 直流偏磁电流峰值的仿真值与计算值对比
Table 4. Comparison of simulation data and calculation data of peak DC bias current
时间/s 变电所 计算数据/A 仿真数据/A 误差/% 28 A 30.94 31.30 1.16 B 0.14 0.15 7.14 C 11.57 10.94 5.45 D 19.23 18.37 4.47 144 A 25.04 23.95 4.35 B 1.39 1.27 8.63 C 9.42 8.84 6.16 D 17.02 16.22 4.70 158 A 19.36 20.44 5.58 B 2.44 2.21 9.43 C 7.34 7.16 2.45 D 14.47 15.25 5.39 235 A 18.67 17.69 5.25 B 4.07 3.81 6.39 C 7.15 7.26 1.54 D 15.60 15.27 2.12 259 A 22.99 22.63 1.57 B 1.23 1.12 8.94 C 8.64 8.03 7.06 D 15.59 16.56 5.86
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表 5 不同发车间隔下直流偏磁电流的特征值
Table 5. Characteristic values of DC bias current at different departure intervals
发车间隔/s 变电所 绝对平均值/A 最大绝对值/A 120 A 9.30 33.84 B 3.69 7.42 C 3.50 12.65 D 7.78 21.78 180 A 7.16 27.64 B 2.24 7.33 C 2.68 10.47 D 5.85 19.99 240 A 5.81 26.28 B 2.28 7.83 C 2.07 9.87 D 3.48 16.07 300 A 5.16 30.94 B 2.02 6.05 C 1.91 11.57 D 4.31 19.23
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表 6 不同治理方式下直流偏磁电流的特征值
Table 6. Characteristic values of DC bias current under different management modes
A 治理方式 变电所 绝对平均值 最大绝对值 隔直电容 A 0 0 B 5.67 31.09 C 7.07 42.52 D 8.86 50.19 限流电阻 A 4.82 18.31 B 1.58 3.19 C 1.35 6.49 D 4.03 11.28
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表 7 BCD和UCD的直流偏磁电流特征值
Table 7. Characteristic values of DC bias current in BCD and UCD
A CD连接方式 变电所 绝对平均值 最大绝对值 BCD A 3.95 21.28 B 1.97 7.21 C 1.45 7.93 D 3.98 16.72 UCD A 5.16 30.94 B 2.02 6.74 C 1.91 11.57 D 4.31 19.23
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