Adhesion Adaptability of Dual-Source-Powered Electric Multiple Unit on Qinghai−Xizang Line
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摘要:
为了分析运行效率更高的双源动车组在青藏线（格尔木—拉萨段）运行的可行性，建立机车动力学模型并进行了验证；采用动力学方法研究了双源动车组机车（动车）和青藏线成熟运营的HXN3内燃机车在直线段、曲线段和坡道上的牵引黏着系数、牵引力、蠕滑率与速度之间的关系；通过对比2个机车的动力学响应，验证牵引工况下双源动车组的黏着特性. 通过分析可以发现：1） 机车的牵引黏着系数与机车的牵引力成正比，当车速在40～120 km/h时，双源动车组机车的黏着系数由0.19降低至0.09，黏着富裕度则由59.0%提高至85.7%；2） 在直线段和坡道情况下，双源动车组的黏着富裕度均大于HXN3机车，对适应恶劣外界环境引起的轮轨黏着下降能力更强，对高原环境的适应性更优；3） 曲线段，忽略结构引起的黏降差异，
R 300 m曲线时，双源动车组和HXN3型机车的黏降幅度分别为6.3%和6.8%，R 800 m曲线时，HXN3型机车曲线黏降幅度为3.0%，而双源动车组低于限值，可以保证有足够的黏着.Abstract:In order to analyze the feasibility of a dual-source-powered electric multiple unit (EMU) with enhanced operational efficiency on the Qinghai–Xizang Line (Golmud–Lhasa section), the dynamics model of EMU was established and verified. A dynamic method was adopted to study the relationship among the traction adhesion coefficients, traction force, creepage, and speed for the dual-source-powered EMU and the HXN3 internal combustion locomotive operating on the straight sections, curved sections, and ramps of the Qinghai–Xizang Line. The adhesion characteristics of dual-source-powered EMU under traction conditions were validated by comparing the dynamic responses of the two locomotives. The analysis finds that: 1) The traction adhesion coefficients of the locomotives are proportional to their traction force. Moreover, within the speed range of 40–120 km/h, the adhesion coefficient of the dual-source-powered EMU decreases from 0.19 to 0.09, while the adhesion affluence increases from 59.0% to 85.7%. 2) The adhesion affluence of the dual-source-powered EMU is superior to that of the HXN3 locomotive in both straight sections and ramps, thereby enhancing its ability to cope with low wheel-rail adhesion conditions in harsh external environments and exhibiting better adaptability in plateau environments. 3) In the curved section, by ignoring the structure-induced adhesion reduction difference, the adhesion reduction amplitudes of the dual-source-powered EMU and HXN3 locomotive are 6.3% and 6.8%, respectively, at
R 300 m curve. At theR 800 m curve, the HXN3 locomotive demonstrates an adhesion reduction amplitude of 3.0%, while the adhesion reduction amplitude of the dual-source-powered EMU is below the threshold value, ensuring sufficient adhesion.-
Key words:
- plateau railway /
- dual-source-powered /
- internal combustion locomotive /
- dynamic /
- traction adhesion
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图 4 机车变速牵引工况动力学模型（以HXN3机车为例）
Figure 4. Traction dynamic model of locomotive at variable speed （HXN3 locomotive）
图 5 机车匀速牵引工况动力学模型（以HXN3机车为例）
Figure 5. Traction dynamic model of locomotive at constant speed （HXN3 locomotive）
图 11 纵向黏着系数、轮对转速（20‰ 坡道）
Figure 11. Longitudinal adhesion coefficient and wheelset rotation speed（20‰ ramp）
图 12 HXN3机车纵向黏着系数、轮对转速（20‰ 坡道）
Figure 12. HXN3 longitudinal adhesion coefficient and wheelset rotation speed（20‰ ramp）
图 13 纵向蠕滑率、黏着系数（20‰ 坡道）
Figure 13. Longitudinal creepages and adhesion coefficient （20‰ ramp）
表 1 HXN3和FXN3机车主要技术参数
Table 1. Main technical parameters of HXN3 and FXN3 locomotives
序号 参数 HXN3 FXN3 1 轨距/mm 1435 1435 2 持续速度/（km·h−1） 23 28 3 定距/m 13.900 16.435 4 轴距/m 1.755/1.925 1.950/2.050 5 最大运用速度/（km·h−1） 120 160 6 柴油机装车功率/kW 3700 3500 7 起动牵引力/kN 620 245 8 持续牵引力/kN 598 200 9 牵引杆高度/m 0.725 0.685 10 牵引杆长度/m 1.238 1.350 
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表 2 HXN3和FXN3机车动力学参数（部分）
Table 2. Main dynamic parameters of HXN3 and FXN3 locomotives （part）
序号 参数 HXN3 FXN3 1 一系纵向刚度/（MN·m−1） 30.00 28.59 2 一系横向刚度/（MN·m−1） 0.800 3.588 3 一系垂向刚度/（MN·m−1） 0.838 2.320 4 二系纵向刚度（橡胶堆或
钢簧）/（MN·m−1）0.300 0.192 5 二系横向刚度/（MN·m−1） 0.200 0.192 6 二系垂向刚度/（MN·m−1） 7.700 0 0.5185 7 抗蛇形减振器/（kN·s·m−1） 16.5@0.01 14.2@0.01 8 二系横向减振器/（kN·s·m−1） 4.5@0.10 2.8@0.05 9 轴重/t 25 23
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