一种高静-低动刚度磁弹簧的建模与特性分析

张明; 谢延松; 李洪涛; 孙凤; 徐方超; 张磊

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220821

一种高静-低动刚度磁弹簧的建模与特性分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220821

张明^1, ,,
谢延松¹,
李洪涛¹,
孙凤¹,
徐方超¹,
张磊²

1.
沈阳工业大学机械工程学院，辽宁沈阳 110870
2.
辽宁科技学院机械工程学院，辽宁本溪 117004

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52005344，52005345）；国家重点研发计划（2020YFC2006701）；辽宁省自然科学基金（2022-MS-271）；辽宁省教育厅青年项目（LJKQZ2021044）；辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费（202007141）

详细信息

通讯作者:
张明（1988—），男，副教授，研究方向为磁力减震与柔性机器人技术，E-mail：mingzhang@sut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TH135；TB535.1
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- 文章访问数: 208
- HTML全文浏览量: 228
- PDF下载量: 40
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-24
- 修回日期: 2023-03-17
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-16
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-30

Modeling and Characteristic Analysis of a Magnetic Spring with High Static Stiffness and Low Dynamic Stiffness

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology, Benxi 117004, China

摘要

摘要:
为解决低频隔振领域存在的低固有频率和高承载力之间的矛盾，设计了一种新型高静-低动刚度磁弹簧元件. 首先，基于电磁场理论和分子电流法建立磁弹簧的弹簧力和刚度模型；其次，建立系统的动力学模型，同时分析线圈通入不同电流时对位移传递率的影响，并与等效线性弹簧进行比较；最后，研制实验样机并进行实验研究. 仿真与实验结果表明：磁弹簧气隙-刚度曲线呈先平缓后急剧的非线性关系，具有明显的高静-低动刚度特性；其刚度与电流近似线性关系，磁弹簧可通过改变电流实现较大范围的刚度调整，且刚度响应迅速；在未通入电流时，相对于等效线性弹簧，起始隔振频率和传递率峰值降低26%，在通入负向额定电流时，起始隔振频率和传递率峰值降低了41%.
- 低频隔振 /
- 高静-低动 /
- 磁弹簧 /
- 电流 /
- 非线性
Abstract:
A novel magnetic spring element with high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness was designed to address the conflict between low natural frequency and high bearing capacity in the field of low-frequency vibration isolation. First, the spring force and stiffness models of the magnetic spring were built based on electromagnetic field theory and molecular current method; secondly, the dynamics model of the system was established, and the influence of coils with different currents on displacement transmissibility was analyzed and compared with the equivalent linear spring; finally, an experimental prototype was developed, and an experimental study was carried out. The simulation and experimental results show that the air-gap stiffness curve of the magnetic spring presents a nonlinear relationship of being initially flat and then sharp, which indicates obvious characteristics of high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness. The stiffness is approximately linear with the current. The magnetic spring can achieve a wide range of stiffness adjustment by changing the current, and the stiffness response is rapid; when no current is applied, the starting vibration isolation frequency and peak transmissibility are decreased by 26% compared with the equivalent linear spring. When a negative rated current is applied, the starting vibration isolation frequency and peak transmissibility are reduced by 41%.
- low-frequency vibration isolation /
- high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness /
- magnetic spring /
- current /
- nonlinear

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图 1 高静-低动刚度磁弹簧示意

Figure 1. Magnetic spring with high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness

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图 2 高静-低动刚度磁弹簧工作原理

Figure 2. Working principle of magnetic spring with high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness

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图 3 磁弹簧磁场分布

Figure 3. Magnetic field distribution of magnetic spring

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图 4 永磁体磁场分布

Figure 4. Magnetic field distribution of permanent magnet

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图 5 磁力理论计算与实验测量对比

Figure 5. Comparison of theoretically calculated magnetic force and experimentally measured magnetic force

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图 6 磁弹簧动力学模型

Figure 6. Dynamics model of magnetic spring

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图 7 磁弹簧理论刚度

Figure 7. Theoretical stiffness of magnetic spring

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图 8 振动传递率仿真对比

Figure 8. Simulation comparison of vibration transmissibility

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图 9 轴向磁力测量实验平台

Figure 9. Experimental platform formeasuring axial magnetic force

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图 10 轴向磁力与轴向气隙的关系

Figure 10. Relationship between axial magnetic force and axial air gap

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图 11 轴向磁力与电流的关系

Figure 11. Relationship between axial magnetic force and current

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图 12 轴向刚度与气隙的关系

Figure 12. Relationship between axial stiffness and air gap

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图 13 轴向刚度与电流的关系

Figure 13. Relationship between axial stiffness and current

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图 14 刚度阶跃响应

Figure 14. Stiffness step response

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表 1 高静-低动刚度磁弹簧结构参数

Table 1. Structural parameters of magnetic spring with high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness mm

参数 R₁ R₂ Z_d1 Z_d2 2L R₃ R₄ 2L_m
数值 15 30 15 15 20 35 52 52

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