城轨交通制动能量利用技术研究现状与展望

刘继宗; 张祖涛; 王浩; 孔苓吉; 伊敏熠; 朱忠尹

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220676

城轨交通制动能量利用技术研究现状与展望

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220676

西南交通大学机械工程学院，四川成都，610031

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（51975490）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘继宗（1983—），男，助理研究员，博士，研究方向为机械制动能采集及其储存， E-mail：liujizong@swjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张祖涛（1974一），男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为机械能采集及其存储技术，E-mail：zzt@swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TK018
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-12
- 修回日期: 2023-04-07
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-12

Braking Energy Utilization in Urban Rail Transit: Status and Prospects

School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China

摘要

摘要:
城市轨道交通的发展对缓解城市交通拥堵问题有着重要作用，而其再生制动能量利用技术也备受关注. 目前，逆变式再生制动能量利用技术包括回馈电路拓扑结构、车-网电压关系和回馈装置优化；其余再生制动能量利用技术包括超级电容储能、飞轮储能、电池储能在内的各类储能式. 系统而全面地回顾了基于逆变回馈和储能回馈的城市轨道交通再生制动能量利用技术，指出技术发展过程中的特征、趋势以及关键研究问题，包括提升储能密度、系统稳定性与装置寿命，为该领域的进一步探索和商业化发展提供指导. 同时对城市轨道交通再生制动能量利用技术的研究趋势进行分析，未来研究方向可聚焦于系统拓扑优化、储能容量、系统稳定性、使用寿命及技术经济分析等方面.
- 城轨交通 /
- 再生制动 /
- 逆变回馈 /
- 储能回馈 /
- 文献分析
Abstract:
The development of urban rail transit plays an important role in alleviating urban traffic congestion, and its regenerative braking energy utilization technology has attracted much attention. At present, the inverter regenerative braking energy utilization technology includes the topology structure of the feedback circuit, vehicle-network voltage relationship, and feedback device optimization. Other regenerative braking energy utilization technologies include various energy storage types such as supercapacitor energy storage, flywheel energy storage, and battery energy storage. On this basis, the regenerative braking energy utilization technology in urban rail transit based on inverter feedback and energy storage feedback was systematically and comprehensively reviewed, and the characteristics, trends, and key research issues in the development process of the technology were pointed out in terms of improving energy storage density, system stability, and device life, so as to provide guidance for further exploration and commercial development in this field. In addition, the research trends of regenerative braking energy utilization technology in urban rail transit were analyzed, and future research can focus on system topology optimization, energy storage capacity, system stability, service life, and technical and economic analysis.
- urban rail transit /
- regenerative braking /
- inverter feedback /
- energy storage feedback /
- literature analysis

HTML全文

图 1 逆变回馈技术原理

Figure 1. Principle of inverter feedback technology

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图 2 APQC拓扑电路^[41]

Figure 2. APQC topology circuit^[41]

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图 3 直流总线电压与电网关系

Figure 3. Relationship between DC bus voltage and grid

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图 4 逆变回馈装置组成

Figure 4. Composition of inverter feedback device

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图 5 城轨交通储能式再生制动能量利用原理

Figure 5. Energy utilization principle of energy storage type regenerative braking in urban rail transit

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图 6 超级电容储能型原理

Figure 6. Supercapacitor energy storage principle

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图 7 飞轮装置本体结构示意

Figure 7. Flywheel device structure

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图 8 飞轮储能实验平台拓扑图^[118]

Figure 8. Topology of flywheel energy storage experimental platform ^[118]

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图 9 直流供电系统仿真平台^[135]

Figure 9. DC power supply system simulation platform^[135]

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图 10 超导磁储能系统结构

Figure 10. Structure of superconducting magnetic energy storage system

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图 11 储能式城轨交通再生制动能量利用技术实际应用案例图解

Figure 11. Illustration of application case of energy utilization technology of energy storage type regenerative braking in urban rail transit

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图 12 中英文年度发文量特征

Figure 12. Characteristics of annual publication volume in China and abroad

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图 13 关键词时序共现图

Figure 13. Keyword temporal co-occurrence

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图 14 区域年度发文趋势

Figure 14. Regional annual publication trends

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表 1 逆变回馈装置商业化案例

Table 1. Commercialization case of inverter feedback device

产品	制造商	应用案例	使用效果
HESOP^[72]	阿尔斯通	米兰地铁 3 号线	99% 的制动能量能回收
Sitras PCI^[73]	西门子	贝尔尼纳铁路	回收能量功率 2.5 MW
INGEBER^[74]	英赫特安	巴塞罗那，维也纳等地的地铁项目	减少 12% 的能量损失
INPEFS^[75]	英博电气	广州某地铁站	单次谐波补偿率 95% 以上
再生制动回馈变流器^[76]	许继集团	广州地铁 5 号线	回收能量功率 1 MW

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表 2 储能式城轨交通再生制动能量利用技术实际应用案例分析

Table 2. Case analysis of practical application of energy utilization technology of energy storage type regenerative braking in urban rail transit

储能装置	国家	应用路线	储能节能参数
超级电容^[164]	中国	北京地铁 5 号线	最大存储能量 2.57 kW·h
超级电容^[166]	西班牙	马德里地铁	容量为 2.3 kW·h，功率 1 MW
超级电容^[162]	德国	Mannheim 轻轨车辆	最大功率 300 kW
超级电容^[163]	中国	香港地铁	储存容量 2.8～45.0 MJ
飞轮^[169]	中国	北京地铁房山线	安装容量1 MW，日平均节电量为 1 200～1 300 kW·h
飞轮^[168]	美国	洛杉矶地铁	额定功率为 2 MW，能量容量为 8.33 kW·h
飞轮^[166]	德国	汉诺威的 USTRA 城轨交通系统
电池^[170]	美国	纽约市公交网络	能量容量为 400 kW·h
电池^[171]	法国	巴黎有轨电车

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表 3 文献来源

Table 3. Literature sources

数据库	检索方式	检索主题	主题词组合	时间范围	文献类型	文献范围	文献语言	检索结果/条
CNKI	主题检索	城市轨道交通 AND 再生制动	（地铁 OR 轨道交通 OR 城轨交通 OR 地铁列车 OR 城轨列车 OR 有轨电车 OR 地铁车辆 OR 城轨车辆）AND （再生制动 OR 能量回馈 OR 再生能量 OR 制动能量 OR 再生电能）	2002—2022 年	期刊	SCI 收录、EI 收录、核心期刊、CSSCI 期刊、CSCD 期刊	中文	294
WoS	主题检索	Urban Rail Transit AND Regenerative Braking	(Urban Rail Transit OR Metro Train OR Transit System OR Urban Rail OR Urban Subway Line) AND (Regenerative Braking OR Energy Consumption OR Braking Energy OR Energy Recovery OR Energy Feedback OR Regenerative Energy)	2002—2022 年	Article，Review	SCI-E, SSCI, AHCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-E, IC	English	749

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表 4 全球排名前10国家或地区发文情况

Table 4. Top 10 countries or regions in publication volume

序号	国家	发文量/篇	占比/%
1	中国	349	46.595
2	美国	126	16.822
3	英国	58	7.744
4	意大利	47	6.275
5	西班牙	38	5.073
6	加拿大	32	4.272
7	荷兰	24	3.204
8	澳大利亚	23	3.071
9	日本	21	2.804
10	韩国	20	2.670

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