Testing Modeling Method for Engineering Testing of High-Speed Railway Signaling System
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摘要:
高铁信号系统工程测试关注系统中各设备间的复杂行为关系和状态同步，工程测试的测试建模方法缺少复杂行为交互和同步机制，针对此问题，提出基于扩展有限状态机的高铁信号系统工程测试建模方法和测试用例生成方法. 首先，分析高铁信号系统工程测试的特点，提出复杂事件交互和状态同步的测试建模需求，以有限状态机理论为基础，扩展出状态事件和层次性，满足信号系统工程测试中复杂行为关系和状态同步的建模需求，采用
Z 规格说明语言给出扩展有限状态机的形式化定义，定义扩展有限状态机的格局和同步机制；然后，提出将扩展有限状态机转化为时间自动机的算法，利用时间自动机的测试用例生成算法自动生成高铁信号系统工程测试的测试用例；最后，以高铁信号系统工程测试中的进路控制为例，建立扩展有限状态机模型并生成测试用例，通过变异分析对生成的测试用例进行评估. 结果表明：测试用例在检测状态变异和事件表达式变异时的变异评分均为1，具有良好的覆盖度，能够满足高铁信号系统工程测试的需求.Abstract:The engineering testing of a high-speed railway signaling system (HSRSS) focuses on the complex behavior relationship and state synchronization among various equipment in the system. Since the testing modeling method for engineering testing lacks complex behavior interaction and synchronization mechanism, the engineering testing modeling method and test case generation method of HSRSS based on an extended finite state machine (EFSM) were proposed. First, the engineering testing characteristics of HSRSS were analyzed, and the testing modeling requirements for complex event interaction and state synchronization were proposed. Based on the theory of finite state machine, the state events and hierarchy were extended to meet the modeling requirements for complex behavior relationships and state synchronization in engineering testing of HSRSS. The formal definition of EFSM was given by using
Z specification language. The pattern and synchronization mechanism of EFSM were defined. Then, the algorithm of transforming the EFSM into a timed automata (TA) was put forward, and the test case generation algorithm of TA was used to automatically generate test cases for engineering testing of HSRSS. Finally, with the route control in engineering testing of HSRSS as an example, an EFSM model was established, and test cases were generated. In addition, the generated test cases were evaluated through mutation analysis. The result shows that the test cases have a mutation score of 1 when testing state mutation and signal expression mutation, and they have good coverage, which can meet the requirements of engineering testing of HSRSS. -
表 1 Droute事件含义
Table 1. Meaning of events in Droute
事件 含义 事件 含义 e10 进路占用 e11 进路空闲 e12 进路红光带 e13 进路检查通过 e20 道岔正确 e21 超限绝缘相邻区段空闲 e30 敌对进路满足 e31 灯丝正常 e41 向TCC发送进路 e42 向RBC发送SA e43 取消进路 e44 延迟解锁 e45 分段解锁 
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表 2 Droute状态含义
Table 2. Meaning of states in Droute
状态 含义 状态 含义 s11 进路处于占用状态 s12 进路处于空闲状态 s13 进路处于红光带状态 s21 道岔位置处于非法状态 s22 道岔位置处于合法状态 s24 超限绝缘相邻区段
处于占用状态s25 超限绝缘相邻区段
处于空闲状态s31 敌对进路处于建立状态 s32 敌对进路处于
未建立状态s34 灯丝处于故障状态 s35 灯丝处于正常状态 s41 进路处于建立状态 s42 进路处于取消状态
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表 3 Droute与Droute_TA 对比
Table 3. Comparison between Droute and Droute
模型 构件数 状态数 变迁数 事件/变量数 Droute 1 19 29 13 DTA 7 25 47 22
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表 4 Droute测试用例（部分）
Table 4. Test cases of Droute （Part）
测试用例 主要内容 1 a） 进路区段空闲，道岔位置正确，超限绝缘相邻区段占用；然后：b） 超限绝缘相邻区段空闲，进路上区段红光带，进路不能锁闭 2 进路空闲、超限绝缘相邻区段空闲、道岔位置正确、敌对进路未建立，进路锁闭，信号机开放 3 a） 进路空闲，超限绝缘相邻区段空闲，道岔位置正确，进路锁闭，信号尚未开放；然后：b） 敌对进路未建立，灯丝正常，但进路占用，信号不能开放 4 a） 进路锁闭后，向TCC发送联锁进路；b） 进路锁闭后，向RBC发送SA 信息 5 进路锁闭后，灯丝断丝，信号不能开放 6 列车在进路内正常运行，进路分段解锁 7 接近区段占用，接车进路解锁时需延时3 min
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表 5 测试用例评估
Table 5. Test case evaluation
变异算子 变异描述 变异体数量/个 发现变异体数量/个 变异评分 迁移变异 增加或减少迁移 20 12 0.6 状态变异 增加或减少状态 10 10 1.0 事件表达式变异 改变事件表达式内容 15 15 1.0
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