Design of Magnetorheological Damper Based on Magnetorheological Composite Materials
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摘要:
为解决传统磁流变阻尼器存在工作介质易沉降、密封要求较高，且中高频激励下阻尼器刚度快速增大，能耗衰减严重的问题，制备并测试了一种沉降稳定性能良好且密封要求低的磁流变复合材料，建立改进的Herschle-Bulkley模型用以表征复合材料的力学性能；基于该复合材料设计加工出一种剪切式磁流变阻尼器，并设计实验测试中、高频激励下阻尼器的性能响应规律. 研究结果表明：3 A电流激励下，当测试频率由5 Hz增大至20 Hz时，阻尼器动态刚度由4.87 × 105 N/m增加到6.29 × 105 N/m，且全频段阻尼器单周期耗能均在0.04 J左右，验证了所设计的磁流变阻尼器在中高频振动工况下的耗能能力.
Abstract:Traditional magnetorheological dampers involve sedimentary working media, high sealing requirements, rapidly increasing damper stiffness, and serious energy consumption attenuation under medium- and high-frequency excitation. In order to address these problems, a magnetorheological composite material with excellent settlement stability and low sealing requirements was prepared and tested, and an improved Herschle-Bulkley model was established to characterize the mechanical properties of the composite material. Furthermore, a shear magnetorheological damper was designed and manufactured based on the composite material, and the performance response law of the damper under medium- and high-frequency excitation was tested by designed experiments. The results show that the dynamic stiffness of the damper increases from 4.87 × 105 N/m to 6.29 × 105 N/m when the test frequency is increased from 5 Hz to 20 Hz under the current excitation of 3 A, and the single-cycle energy consumption of the damper under the full-band is about 0.04 J, which verified the energy consumption capacity of the designed magnetorheological damper under medium- and high-frequency vibrations.
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图 1 磁流变复合材料的磁流变效应示意
Figure 1. Schematic of magnetorheological effect of magnetorheological composite materials
图 4 不同磁场下磁流变液、磁流变复合材料的剪切应力与剪切速率的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between shear stress and shear rate of magnetorheological fluid and magnetorheological composite materials under different magnetic fields
图 5 磁流变复合材料实际测试结果与改进 H-B模型拟合曲线对比
Figure 5. Fitting curve comparison between actual test results of magnetorheological composite materials and improved H-B model
图 12 不同频率下阻尼器单周期耗能随电流变化
Figure 12. Variation of single-cycle energy consumption of damper with current at different frequencies
图 13 不同频率下动态刚度随电流变化
Figure 13. Variation of dynamic stiffness with current at different frequencies
表 1 不同磁场下磁流变复合材料与磁流变液的平均剪切应力对比
Table 1. Comparison of average shear stress between magnetorheological composite materials and magnetorheological fluid under different magnetic fields
kPa 磁场强度/ T G28-MRF 磁流变复合材料 0 0.01 0.52 0.13 3.14 4.52 0.22 7.55 10.32 0.31 14.38 18.55 0.40 23.70 28.57 0.53 36.55 44.30 0.60 44.54 52.78 0.70 53.36 61.49 0.76 58.03 66.58 
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表 2 不同磁场强度下改进H-B模型各参数取值
Table 2. Parameter values of improved H-B model under different magnetic field strengths
B/T K m C0 Cbase C1 0 0.03 0.5 323.30 0.01 0.31 0.13 533.00 7.9 1.55 0.89 1.44 0.22 761.30 3.9 1.41 0.78 0.66 0.31 954.30 4.5 1.39 0.56 0.90 0.40 1518.00 4.1 1.21 0.84 0.76 0.53 2016.00 4.9 1.21 1.17 0.92 0.60 1377.00 5.2 1.19 0.97 0.96 0.70 1264.00 4.2 1.15 0.71 0.81 0.76 2164.00 6.9 1.13 1.99 1.97
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表 3 阻尼单元参数
Table 3. Damping element parameters
mm 参数 数值 参数 数值 h 0.3 ${L}_{\mathrm{c} }$ 6.0 ${L}_{\mathrm{g} }$ 30 r 5.0 b 4.5 $ {L}_{1} $ 9.0 R 19.2 $ {L}_{2} $ 6.5
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表 4 阻尼器测试参数
Table 4. Damper testing parameters
名称 测试
频率/Hz测试
振幅/mm测试
电流/A取值 5, 10, 15, 20 ±0.1 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5,
2.0, 2.5, 3.0
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