铁路客车非金属材料VOCs释放规律试验研究

房明; 王卫; 周正宇; 杨冰; 范希梅

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220294

铁路客车非金属材料VOCs释放规律试验研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220294

房明^{1, 2,},
王卫²,
周正宇²,
杨冰^3, ,,
范希梅⁴

1.
西南交通大学力学与航空航天学院，四川成都 610031
2.
中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司，江苏南京 210031
3.
西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室，四川成都 610031
4.
西南交通大学材料先进技术教育部重点实验室，四川成都 610031

基金项目: 江苏省博士后资助基金（2020Z375）

详细信息

作者简介:
房明（1986—），男，高级工程师，博士，研究方向为轨道交通环保管控，E-mail：nanhang0508@163.com

通讯作者:
杨冰（1979—），男，研究员，博士，研究方向为车辆结构强度及材料疲劳与断裂, E-mail：yb@swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U270.42
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-27
- 修回日期: 2022-09-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-19
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-20

Experimental Study on Emission Law of VOCs from Non-metallic Materials for Railway Passenger Trains

FANG Ming^{1, 2
,},
WANG Wei²,
ZHOU Zhengyu²,
YANG Bing^{3
, ,},
FAN Ximei⁴

1.
School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
2.
CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210031, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China

摘要

摘要:
为了研究温度对铁路客车典型非金属材料中挥发性有机化合物释放量的影响，基于多气固比法和数据拟合法，对典型非金属材料（重防腐涂料、地板布、玻璃纤维增强塑料）的挥发性有机化合物释放规律进行了试验研究. 首先，分别测量了4种不同气固比条件下的挥发性有机化合物浓度，得到挥发性有机化合物释放关键参数（初始可散发浓度和分配系数）；然后，结合车辆工艺和运用场景，研究不同温度对挥发性有机化合物释放规律的影响. 研究结果表明：材质的物理化学性能和温度是影响挥发性有机化合物释放特性的重要因素；温度从16 ℃升高至55 ℃，苯系物和醛类散发浓度均呈减小的趋势，重防腐涂料的初始可散发浓度减小为1.8%，其分配系数减小，地板布和玻璃钢的初始可散发浓度减小至0.3%以下，地板布的分配系数增大，玻璃钢的分配系数减小；苯系物是挥发性有机化合物的主要成分，其中以苯乙烯占比最大，甲苯、乙苯以及二甲苯占比排序规律不明显，并且未检测出苯；在铁道车辆烘焙法环保净化处理时，建议重防腐涂料的烘焙温度不小于55 ℃，地板布和玻璃钢的烘焙温度不小于45 ℃.
- 挥发性有机化合物 /
- 重防腐涂料 /
- 铁路客车 /
- 释放规律 /
- 温度
Abstract:
In order to study the effect of the temperature on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from typical non-metallic materials (heavy anti-corrosion coatings, floor covering, and glassfiber reinforced plastics) for railway passenger trains, tests were carried out to analyze the emission law of VOCs based on multi-gas-solid ratio method and data fitting method. First, the concentrations of VOCs under four different gas-solid ratios were measured, and key parameters (initial emittable concentration and diffusion coefficient) influencing the emission of VOCs were obtained. Then, with the help of vehicle manufacturing technology and application scenarios, the effect of different temperatures on the emission law of VOCs was studied. The results show that the physical and chemical properties of the materials and the temperature greatly affect the emission of VOCs. When the temperature rises from 16 to 55 ℃, the concentrations of benzene compounds and aldehydes decrease; the initial emittable concentration of heavy anti-corrosion coatings is decreased to 1.8%, and its diffusion coefficient is decreased. At the same time, the initial emittable concentrations of both floor covering and glassfiber reinforced plastics are decreased to less than 0.3%; the diffusion coefficient of floor covering is increased, while that of glassfiber reinforced plastics is decreased. Benzene compounds are the main components of VOCs, in which the styrene accounts for the largest proportion, and the ranking rule of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene is not obvious. Meanwhile, the benzene is not detected in the test. In the baking process of railway trains for environmental protection, it is suggested that the baking temperature of heavy anti-corrosion coatings should not be less than 55 ℃, and that of floor covering and glassfiber reinforced plastics should not be less than 45 ℃.
- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) /
- heavy anti-corrosion coatings /
- railway passenger trains /
- emission law /
- temperature

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图 1 试验示意

Figure 1. Diagram of experiment

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图 2 不同非金属材料的VOCs线性拟合结果

Figure 2. Linear fitting results for VOCs from different non-metallic materials

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图 3 不同温度时重防腐涂料中VOCs平衡浓度

Figure 3. Concentrations of VOCs from heavy anti-corrosion coatings at different temperatures

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图 4 不同温度时地板布中VOCs平衡浓度

Figure 4. Equilibrium concentrations of VOCs from floor covering at different temperatures

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图 5 不同温度时玻璃钢中VOCs平衡浓度

Figure 5. Equilibrium concentrations of VOCs from glassfiber reinforced plastics at different temperatures

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表 1 试验设备

Table 1. Experimental equipment

设备名称	型号规格
聚氟乙烯（PVF）薄膜袋	100 L
氮气	体积分数不小于99.99%
恒温恒湿环境仓	DNF-500A
大气采样仪	QC-2B双路
2,6-二苯呋喃多孔聚合物树脂（porous polymer 2,6-diphenyl furan resin, Tenax-TA）采样管	200 mg
2,4-二硝基苯肼（2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine, DNPH）采样管	300 mg/mL
质谱联用仪（GC-MS/MS）	EXPEC 5231 气相色谱
高效液相色谱仪	EX1600

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表 2 测试工况

Table 2. Experimental conditions

测试材料	测试温度/℃	气固比	实车气固比
重防腐涂料	16、25、 35、45、55	941.2、392.2、170.0、94.1	170.0
地板布		671.4、333.3、142.9、65.8	617.4
玻璃钢		1000.0、416.0、333.3、250.0	416.0

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表 3 重防腐涂料中VOCs的释放关键参数值

Table 3. Key emission parameters for VOCs in heavy anti-corrosion coatings

编号	VOC	16 ℃		25 ℃		35 ℃		45 ℃		55 ℃
编号	VOC	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K
1	甲苯	518.135	3725.824	61.576	835.039	21.128	793.823	23.095	502.336	6.455	1446.152
2	乙苯	390.625	1110.180	75.643	333.204	10.492	85.016	71.839	626.232	4.187	425.315
3	二甲苯	540.541	1382.216	71.839	280.830	6.913	122.833	101.523	751.252	5.675	390.967
4	苯乙烯	2917.893	850.041	558.659	343.128	56.211	144.483	729.927	795.599	46.926	1071.506
5	TVOC	4099.150	915.176	1562.500	744.719	104.932	128.583	970.874	667.942	72.098	361.066

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表 4 地板布中VOCs的释放关键参数值

Table 4. Key emission parameters for VOCs in floor covering

VOC	16 ℃		25 ℃		35 ℃		45 ℃		55 ℃
VOC	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K
甲苯	606.061	1219.267	12.133	974.328	51.125	904.766	4.318	373.513
乙苯	1154.450	932.784	99.602	4463.983	81.169	514.978	1.514	104.657
二甲苯	1261.456	853.349	36.298	1847.089	56.433	477.818	1.124	54.591
苯乙烯	7435.884	1076.419	15.359	415.293	699.301	472.664	7.343	89.615
TVOC	10360.687	971.211	189.394	1251.769	961.538	505.750	17.268	86.127	8.632	1501.000

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表 5 玻璃钢中VOCs的释放关键参数值

Table 5. Key emission parameters for VOCs in glassfiber reinforced plastics

VOC	16 ℃		25 ℃		35 ℃		45 ℃		55 ℃
VOC	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K	C₀/（mg·m⁻³）	K
甲苯	52.138	1903.920	11.022	459.013	168.067	1807.793
乙苯	198.807	1348.443	12.620	293.751	359.712	2394.435
二甲苯	240.385	1249.683	13.748	448.944	537.634	3066.505
苯乙烯	1578.467	1295.969	55.066	160.374	3723.909	1973.337
TVOC	2162.751	1288.589	100.705	177.282	4668.207	1350.396	21.231	1758.985	6.831	292.682

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