Explosion Hazard Analysis of Leaked Hydrogen in Tunnels Under Longitudinal Ventilation
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摘要:
为研究纵向通风能否有效控制隧道中泄漏氢气的扩散以及降低可燃氢云的超压危害，本文以一长100 m的方形隧道为研究对象，利用FLUENT软件对隧道内氢气泄漏扩散现象进行数值模拟，基于可燃氢云爆炸超压对人和建筑物的危害分级，分析纵向通风降低隧道内氢气泄漏爆炸危害性的作用效果. 研究结果表明：计算工况下，隧道内发生氢气射流火灾时的纵向风速范围为6.5～8.0 m/s；纵向通风能够有效控制隧道内氢气的泄漏和扩散，但不能完全消除隧道氢泄漏爆炸的可能性和危害性.
Abstract:In order to investigate whether longitudinal ventilation can effectively control the diffusion of leaked hydrogen in tunnels and reduce the overpressure hazards of flammable hydrogen clouds, a square tunnel with a length of 100 m was studied. The hydrogen leakage and diffusion process in the tunnel were numerically simulated by using FLUENT software. Based on the classification of damage of combustible hydrogen cloud explosion overpressure to people and buildings, the effect of longitudinal ventilation on reducing the harm of hydrogen leakage and explosion in the tunnel was analyzed. The results show that under calculated conditions, the longitudinal ventilation velocity in the case of a hydrogen jet fire in the tunnel is 6.5–8.0 m/s. Longitudinal ventilation can effectively control the leakage and diffusion of hydrogen in the tunnel, but it fails to eliminate the explosion possibility and harm of hydrogen leakage in the tunnel.
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图 5 隧道中轴线纵断面处可燃氢云分布随纵向风速的变化
Figure 5. Variation of combustible hydrogen cloud distribution with longitudinal ventilation velocity at longitudinal section of tunnel central axis
图 6 氢气泄漏口横断面处可燃氢云分布随纵向风速的变化
Figure 6. Variation of combustible hydrogen cloud distribution with longitudinal ventilation velocity at cross section of hydrogen leakage port
图 7 可燃极限内氢气云体积随纵向风速的变化
Figure 7. Variation of hydrogen cloud volume with longitudinal ventilation velocity in flammability limit
图 8 不同危险级别对应的可燃氢云体积随纵向风速的变化
Figure 8. Variation of combustible hydrogen cloud volume corresponding to different hazard levels with longitudinal ventilation velocity
表 1 氢气泄漏参数
Table 1. Hydrogen leakage parameters
参数 实际工况 伪直径状态 直径/mm 2.25 31.05 温度/K 300 300 压力/MPa 70.0 0.1 质量流率/（kg·s−1） 0.13 0.13 
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等级 超压/MPa 对人员的伤害情况 LA1 (0.02，003] 轻微损伤 LA2 (0.03，0.05] 听觉器官损伤或骨折 LA3 (0.05，0.10] 内脏严重损伤或死亡 LA4 >0.10 大部分人员死亡
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等级 超压/MPa 对建筑物的破坏情况 LB1 (0.07，0.10] 砖墙倒塌 LB2 (0.10，0.20] 防震钢筋混凝土破坏，
小房屋倒塌LB3 (0.20，0.30] 大型钢架结构破坏
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表 4 可燃氢气当量比范围
Table 4. Combustible hydrogen equivalence ratio range
等级 可燃氢气当量比范围 爆炸极限/% LA1 [0.309，0.341] [11.5，12.5] LA2 (0.341，0.395] (12.5，14.2] LA3 (0.395，0.493] (14.2，17.2] LA4 (0.493，7.14] (17.2，75.0] LB1 [0.439，0.493] [15.6，17.2] LB2 (0.493，0.677]
(2.413，3.57](17.2，22.2]
(50.3，59.9]LB3 (0.677，0.933]
(1.749，2.413](22.2，28.2]
(42.4，50.3]
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