Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) Aerodynamic Measures of Girder with Side Beam Based on Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Wind Tunnel Test
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摘要:
为能够快捷且经济地完成开口类钝体桥梁断面涡振制振气动措施的选型，以一座边主梁叠合梁斜拉桥为背景，采用“CFD （computation fluid dynamics）数值模拟选型 + 风洞试验验证”的思路对其涡振制振气动措施选型进行研究. 该桥原设计主梁断面在常遇风速下存在显著涡激振动，为完成气动措施的初步选型，采用CFD数值计算对原设计断面的流场进行模拟，通过研究原设计断面的旋涡脱落状态确定主要旋涡抑制对象，进而有针对性地模拟了3种气动措施（下中央稳定板、导流板与风嘴）对主要脱落旋涡的抑制作用，通过将各断面旋涡脱落状态与三分力系数进行对比分析，得到各断面涡振性能的相对优劣关系，并最终选取风嘴与下中央稳定板结合而成的组合气动措施进行风洞验证试验. 试验结果表明：该组合气动措施能够有效抑制梁体在各风攻角下的涡激振动，且在 +5° 风攻角下，通过风洞试验得到的导流板、下中央稳定板、风嘴组合气动3种措施对原设计断面涡振振幅的减小作用依此递增，分别为2.7%、27.7%与87.4%，制振能力高低关系与数值模拟结果相一致；本次数值模拟结果符合预期要求，未来可针对不同类型桥梁断面进一步扩展数值模拟与风洞试验结果对比的数据集，以期更为准确、快捷地完成气动措施的选型.
Abstract:In order to quickly and economically select the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) aerodynamic suppression measures of the open-type bluff-body bridge section, a cable-stayed bridge of the composite girder with side beam was taken as the background, and the “CFD numerical simulation selection + wind tunnel verification test” was used to study the selection of VIV aerodynamic suppression measures. The original girder section has significant VIV under frequent wind speeds. In order to complete the selection of aerodynamic measures, the CFD numerical calculation was used to simulate the flow field of the original section. Through the research on the vortex shedding state of the original section, the main vortex suppression objects were determined. Then the three aerodynamic measures (lower central stabilizer, guide vane, and wind fairing) were simulated in a targeted way to suppress the main shedding vortexes. By comparing the vortex shedding state and the three-component force coefficient of each section, the relative advantages and disadvantages of the VIV performance of each section were obtained. Finally, the combined aerodynamic measures involving the wind fairing and the lower central stabilizer were selected for the wind tunnel verification test. The test results show that the combined aerodynamic measure can effectively suppress the VIV of the girder at various wind attack angles. At the wind attack angle of +5°, the reduction effect of three combined aerodynamic measures, namely, the guide vane, the lower central stabilizer, and the wind fairing, on the VIV amplitude of the original section obtained through the wind tunnel test increases accordingly, which is 2.7%, 27.7%, and 87.4% respectively. The relative relationship between the VIV suppression capacity of three aerodynamic measures obtained through wind tunnel tests is consistent with the numerical simulation results. The numerical simulation results meet the expected requirements, and the data set for comparing the numerical simulation and wind tunnel test results can be further expanded for different bridge sections in the future, so as to select aerodynamic measures more accurately and quickly.
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图 1 边主梁叠合梁断面示意图（单位：cm）
Figure 1. Section of composite girder with side beam （unit: cm）
图 5 YSDM断面$ {C}_{\mathrm{L}}\left(t\right) $频谱
Figure 5. $ {C}_{\mathrm{L}}\left(t\right) $ spectrum of YSDM section
图 13 各断面$ {C}_{\mathrm{L}}(t) $时程
Figure 13. $ {C}_{\mathrm{L}}(t) $ time history of each section
图 15 +5° 风攻角下各断面最大竖向涡振响应（ξh=0.34%）
Figure 15. Maximum vertical VIV response of each section under wind attack angle of +5° （ξh = 0.34%）
表 1 主要模态参数
Table 1. Main modal parameters
振型 频率/Hz 等效质量/
（kg·m−1）等效质量惯性矩/
（kg·m2·m−1）一阶对称竖弯 0.42 30148 一阶反对称竖弯 0.55 44565 一阶对称扭转 0.79 3031103 一阶反对称扭转 1.19 2297427 
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表 2 节段模型试验参数
Table 2. Section model test parameters
参数名称 高度/m 宽度/m 单位长度
质量/（kg·m−1）单位长度质量
惯性矩/（kg·m2·m−1）竖弯
频率/Hz扭转
频率/Hz竖弯风速比 扭转风速比 实桥值 3.65 27 30148 3031103 0.42 0.79 缩尺比 1/50 1/50 1/502 1/504 8.34 7.55 模型值 0.07 0.54 12.06 0.49 2.50 5.20
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表 3 计算断面说明
Table 3. Description of calculated section
断面编号 计算断面说明 YSDM 原设计断面 XWDM 设置 343 cm 下中央稳定板 DLBDM 设置 180 cm 倾斜角 30° 导流板 FZXWDM 设置 350 cm 风嘴、343 cm 下中央稳定板
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表 4 不同网格数量计算结果
Table 4. Calculation results of different mesh numbers
网格规格 底层网格
厚度/mm网格数目/
（×104 个）St1 St2 误差/% Rough 0.05 21 0.081 0.094 13.8 Medium 0.03 38 0.087 0.094 7.4 Fine 0.01 59 0.089 0.094 5.3
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