Research Status and Prospect of Decomposition of Top-Level Design Indicators for High-Speed Trains
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摘要:
顶层设计指标分解是决定高速列车正向设计周期长短和成功与否的首要环节. 首先，在阐述运输能力、安全舒适、绿色环保、经济性等高速列车顶层设计指标的基础上，从系统结构组成、运行边界条件以及大系统耦合作用等角度提出高速列车顶层设计指标分解所面临的技术挑战；然后，论述设计指标分解方法、设计指标分解关联模型和设计指标分解协调策略3个方面研究现状，并分析现有方法的不足与新需求；最后，展望群落生态学在高速列车顶层设计指标分解中的适用性，剖析基于群落生态学的高速列车顶层设计指标分解将会面临的关键问题，并给出相应的解决技术路线，以期为高速列车顶层设计指标分解的深入研究和实践提供参考.
Abstract:The decomposition of top-level design indicators is the primary link to determine the cycle length and success of forward design for high-speed trains. First, on the basis of expounding on the top-level design indicators of high-speed trains in terms of transportation capacity, safety and comfort, environmental protection, and economy, the decomposition challenges of top-level design indicators for high-speed trains were proposed from the perspectives of system structure, operating boundary conditions, and large-scale system coupling. Then, the research status was discussed, including the decomposition method, decomposition association model, and decomposition coordination strategy of design indicators, and the deficiencies and new needs of the existing methods were analyzed. Finally, the applicability of community ecology in the decomposition of top-level design indicators for high-speed trains was prospected. In addition, the key problems that will be faced by the decomposition of top-level design indicators for high-speed trains based on community ecology were analyzed, and corresponding technical routes for solutions were given, so as to provide a reference for the in-depth research and practice of the decomposition of top-level design indicators for high-speed trains.
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Key words:
- high-speed train /
- design indicators /
- forward design /
- decomposition /
- community ecology
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图 2 高速列车顶层设计指标分解示意
Figure 2. Decomposition of top-level design indicators for high-speed train
图 3 高速列车正向设计指标分解与群落生态学映射关系
Figure 3. Mapping relationships between decomposition of forward design indicators for high-speed train and community ecology
图 4 高速列车转向架设计指标分解的群落生态特性分析
Figure 4. Community ecology characteristics of decomposition of design indicators for high-speed train’s bogie
表 1 设计指标分解研究现状
Table 1. Research status of decomposition of design indicators
类别 方法名称 方法总结 设计指标分解方法 质量功能展开（QFD）[5]、公理化设计（AD）[6]、设计指标分解协调法[7]、目标逐层分解法（ATC）[8]、非合作博弈理论[20] 基于经验的解析方法和以优化为主的设计指标分解方法 设计指标关联建模 DEPNET解决方案[23]、层级交互随机子模型[24]、设计结构矩阵（DSM）[25]、设计结构网络（DSN）[27]、多源数据融合方法[28] 设计指标之间、设计变量之间、设计指标和设计变量之间、系统与组件之间依赖关系建模 设计指标分解协调策略 约束网络[30]、多目标决策[31]、线性加权和评价函数、希求水平、功用图[32]、可拓方法与TRIZ理论[34]、群体决策和TRIZ理论[37]、博弈理论[38] 多性能指标、多设计属性冲突建模与协调 
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