Research on Thermal Aging Characteristics of Vehicle Cable Terminal Strain Control Tube and Its Influence on Insulation Performance
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摘要:
车载电缆终端应控管性能对电缆终端绝缘性能至关重要，为确定应控管热老化特性及其对电缆终端绝缘性能的影响，首先，通过试验研究确定车载电缆终端应控管宏观介电特性及微观老化规律；其次，基于对热老化下应控管材料电导、极化和损耗特性测试进行分析，得到不同老化周期下介电特性曲线；最后，建立考虑应控管老化特性的车载电缆终端电场有限元模型，并基于热老化下介电参数计算应控管电缆终端电场分布. 研究表明：140 ℃老化条件下电导率上升趋势最为显著，50 kV/m场强下电导率达到最大值1.1 × 10−10 S/m，高温（140 ℃）老化20 d时，相对介电常数达到最小值14，此外热解反应过程中聚合物长链折叠、断裂等陷阱阻碍作用增强，介质损耗有所增大；在应控管官能团特性及微观形貌上，热老化导致应控管材料烯烃类聚合物发生热解聚反应，形成化学立体缺陷，且加剧应控管试样表面聚合物球晶的裂解以及无机氧化产物的生成，试样表面理化特性发生变化. 仿真发现，在热老化条件下电缆终端内部电场畸变区域呈现扩大的趋势，由
x 轴x 0=265 mm处至x 3=495 mm处沿白色箭头方向不断爬伸，最终稳定在乙丙橡胶主绝缘层与应控管的交界处. 研究结果对掌握电缆终端绝缘状态具有重要工程参考价值.Abstract:The performance of vehicle-mounted cable terminal stress control tube is very important to the insulation performance of cable terminal. In order to determine the thermal aging characteristics of the stress control tube and its influence on the insulation performance of cable terminal, firstly, the macro-dielectric characteristics and micro-aging law of vehicle-mounted cable terminal stress control tube were determined through experimental research. Secondly, based on the analysis of the conductivity, polarization and loss characteristics of the reactive tube material under thermal aging, the dielectric characteristic curves under different aging periods were obtained. Finally, a finite element model of the electric field of the cable terminal was established considering the aging characteristics of the stress control tube, and the electric field distribution of the cable terminal of the stress control tube was calculated based on the dielectric parameters under thermal aging. The results show that: The electrical conductivity increases most significantly at 140 ℃, and reaches the maximum value 1.1 × 10−10 S/m at 50 kV/m field intensity. The relative dielectric constant reaches the minimum value 14 at high temperature (140 ℃) for 20 days. In addition, trap hindrance such as folding and breaking of polymer long chain is enhanced during pyrolysis reaction, and the dielectric loss increases. In terms of functional group characteristics and microstructure, thermal aging results in pyrolytic polymerization of olefin polymers, forming chemical stereoscopic defects. In addition, the cracking of polymer spherulites and the formation of inorganic oxidation products on the surface of the sample were intensified, and the physical and chemical properties of the sample surface were changed. Simulation results show that under thermal aging conditions, the electric field distortion area inside the cable terminal presents a trend of expanding, from
x -axisx 0 =265 mm tox 3=495 mm along the direction of the white arrow, and finally stabilized at the junction of the main insulation layer of EPR and the control tube. The research results have important engineering reference value to master the cable terminal insulation state. -
图 2 不同老化条件下电导率与场强的关系
Figure 2. The relationship between electrical conductivity and field strength under different aging conditions
图 4 介质损耗正切tanδ频率响应变化图
Figure 4. Frequency response change diagram of dielectric loss tangent tanδ
表 1 热老化试验温度及取样测试周期安排
Table 1. Thermal aging test temperature and sampling test cycle arrangement
d 试样-老化
温度第1次取样 第2次取样 第3次取样 第4次取样 C（140 ℃） 5 10 15 20 B（125 ℃） 5 10 15 20 A（100 ℃） 5 10 15 20 
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表 2 热老化应控管典型基团红外光谱吸收峰
Table 2. Infrared spectrum absorption peaks of typical groups of thermally aging stress tubes
谱带位置/cm−1 基团/产物 3000 ～2750 C-H 1750 ～1600 C=C 1500 ～1400 C=O 1300 ～1250 -CH2- 1200 ～1000 C-O 750～600 Ti-O/Ba +
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表 3 电缆终端材料参数
Table 3. Cable terminal material parameters
名称 电导率/（S·m−1） 相对介电常数 缆芯 5.7 × 107 1.00 半导体层 2.0 100.00 绝缘层 1.0×10−18 2.50 应控管 1.00−8 25.3 屏蔽层 5.7 × 107 1.00 胶 7.7 0.50 × 10−8 热缩管 2.5 × 10−11 3.34 护套 1.0×10−18 2.60 伞裙 0.8 × 10−18 0.85
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表 4 应控管老化特征参数
Table 4. Aging characteristic parameters
老化时间/d 相对介电常数 电导率/（ S·m−1） 频率/Hz 5 32.8 2.6 × 10−11 50 10 18.3 5.8 × 10−11 50 15 17.7 8.2 × 10−11 50 20 15.3 1.1 × 10−10 50
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