Principle and Application Prospective of Novel Superconducting Energy Conversion/Storage Device
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摘要:
基于新发现的永磁体与超导线圈之间的相互作用规律，提出了利用永磁体与闭合超导线圈构成新型短时能量转换/存储装置. 通过在不同永磁体运动路径和运行速度时进行的多组实验，测量和分析了永磁体与闭合超导线圈相互作用过程中永磁体处在不同位置时的相互作用力和超导线圈内电流，验证所提装置原理的可行性并掌握其功能规律；进一步测量在静止状态时超导线圈中电流随时间的衰减情况，得到该装置的损耗特征. 研究结果显示：该装置可在无需附加发电机/电动机条件下实现机械能→电磁能→机械能转换，能量效率达到9成以上. 该新型超导能量转换/存储装置在城市轨道车辆制动能量回收再利用和航母舰载机辅助电磁弹射等领域具有广泛的应用前景.
Abstract:Based on the newly discovered interaction behavior between a permanent magnet and a superconducting coil, a novel superconducting energy conversion/storage device is proposed with a structure of a permanent magnet and a closed superconducting coil. Several groups of experiments with different trajectories and speeds of the magnet are carried out. When the magnet is at different positions, the interaction force between the magnet and the closed superconducting coil and the current in the superconducting coil are measured and analyzed to validate the principle of the proposed device and clarify the function properties. When the magnet is stationary, the current attenuation in the coil over time is measured to obtain the operating loss characteristics of the device. Results show that the proposed device can realize the conversion from mechanical energy to electromagnetic energy to mechanical energy without additional generator/motor, and the energy conversion efficiency can reach more than 90%. This indicates that the proposed device is promising in applications such as regenerative braking of urban vehicles and electromagnetic aircraft ejection.
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图 1 永磁体与超导线圈相互作用原理及坐标示意
Figure 1. Interaction principle and coordinate diagram of permanent magnet and superconducting coil
图 4 永磁体与Bi-2223超导线圈构成的能量转换/存储装置储能—释能实验结果
Figure 4. Experimental results of energy conversion/storage device composed of permanent magnet and Bi-2223 superconducting coil
图 5 永磁体与Gd-123超导线圈构成的能量转换/存储装置储能—释能实验结果
Figure 5. Experimental results of energy conversion/storage device composed of permanent magnet and Gd-123 superconducting coil
图 6 永磁体在两种不同移动路径条件下与Bi-2223线圈相互作用力的比较
Figure 6. Comparison of forces between permanent magnet and Bi-2223 superconducting coil under two different moving paths
图 7 永磁体停留在平衡位置190 s内超导线圈中电流衰减曲线
Figure 7. Current attenuation curve in superconducting coil when permanent magnet stays in equilibrium position for 190 s
图 8 永磁体停留在平衡位置5 min内超导线圈（焊点优化后）电流衰减曲线
Figure 8. Current attenuation curve of superconducting coil （after solder joint optimization） within 5 minutes when permanent magnet stays in equilibrium position
图 10 新型超导能量转换/存储装置用于车辆再生制动时的一种可行方案示意
Figure 10. Schematic of feasible scheme for novel super conducting energy conversion/storage device used in vehicle regenerative braking
图 11 新型超导能量转换/存储装置用于舰载机辅助弹射时的一种可行方案示意
Figure 11. Schematic of feasible scheme of novel super conducting energy conversion/storage device used in electromagnetic aircraft ejection
表 1 实验所用超导线圈参数
Table 1. Superconducting coil parameters in experiment
超导线圈 带材临界电流/A@K 线圈数/匝 线圈内径/mm 线圈外径/mm 线圈高度/mm 线圈电感测量值/µH Bi-2223 159@77 30 60 67 8.8 114 Gd-123 140@77 30 60 73 10 115 
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