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电气化铁路弓网系统摩擦磨损性能研究进展

周宁 支兴帅 张静 郑伟 罗朝基 张卫华

周宁, 支兴帅, 张静, 郑伟, 罗朝基, 张卫华. 电气化铁路弓网系统摩擦磨损性能研究进展[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2024, 59(5): 990-1005, 1022. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220053
引用本文: 周宁, 支兴帅, 张静, 郑伟, 罗朝基, 张卫华. 电气化铁路弓网系统摩擦磨损性能研究进展[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2024, 59(5): 990-1005, 1022. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220053
ZHOU Ning, ZHI Xingshuai, ZHANG Jing, ZHENG Wei, LUO Chaoji, ZHANG Weihua. Friction and Wear Performance of Pantograph-Catenary System in Electrified Railways: State of the Art[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2024, 59(5): 990-1005, 1022. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220053
Citation: ZHOU Ning, ZHI Xingshuai, ZHANG Jing, ZHENG Wei, LUO Chaoji, ZHANG Weihua. Friction and Wear Performance of Pantograph-Catenary System in Electrified Railways: State of the Art[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2024, 59(5): 990-1005, 1022. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220053

电气化铁路弓网系统摩擦磨损性能研究进展

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220053
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(52072319);四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2021YFG0066);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(P2020J025)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    周宁(1997—),男,副研究员,博士,研究方向为受电弓-接触网耦合关系,E-mail:zhou-ningbb@sina.com

  • 中图分类号: U264

Friction and Wear Performance of Pantograph-Catenary System in Electrified Railways: State of the Art

  • 摘要:

    针对电气化铁路弓网正常和异常状态的接触副,分析受电弓滑板磨耗周期内的摩擦磨损性能差异性,特别是受电弓滑板的磨耗率和磨耗型面的差异性,包括:发生异常磨损时受电弓滑板磨损率数倍甚至数十倍的增长差异,以及局部偏磨、波浪型磨耗和贯穿性凹坑等磨耗型面差异;着重归纳不同弓网系统载流摩擦磨损试验台的特点及异同,总结磨耗检测接触式测量方法与非接触式测量方法的优劣;分析弓网系统结构及参数、列车运行参数、弓网系统载流参数及外界环境等因素的影响,归纳总结弓网载流摩擦磨损特性的演变规律. 在此基础上,综合分析弓网系统磨耗机理分析模型和数据拟合模型的研究现状和进展,并给出弓网系统载流摩擦磨损性能在后续研究中所需重点关注的研究方向和发展趋势,包括:弓网摩擦副的真实服役工况在实验室条件下的等效模拟;弓网磨耗性能的在线高精度检测;复杂气候条件及多物理场耦合作用下弓网磨耗性能的仿真和优化;结合大数据和智能算法的弓网磨耗预测,以及智能运维策略和全生命周期的能力保持技术等.

     

  • 图 1  销-盘式弓网载流摩擦磨损试验台

    Figure 1.  Pin-disc pantograph-catenary current-carrying friction and wear test bench

    图 2  高速弓网载流摩擦磨损试验台

    Figure 2.  High-speed current-carrying pantograph-catenary test bench for friction and wear

    图 3  弓网磨损试验装置

    Figure 3.  Test devices for pantograph-catenary wear

    图 4  接触式检测滑板磨耗量

    Figure 4.  Pantograph strip wear with contact detection

    图 5  自动检测装置

    Figure 5.  Automatic detection devices

    图 6  自动检测装置检测流程

    Figure 6.  Detection process of automatic detection devices

    图 7  载流条件下滑板磨损形貌

    Figure 7.  Wear morphology of strip in current-carrying condition

    图 8  弓网系统摩擦磨损性能的影响因素

    Figure 8.  Influence factors of friction and wear performance in pantograph-catenary system

    图 9  弓头悬挂刚度对受流质量的影响[47]

    Figure 9.  Influence of different bow suspension stiffnesses on current collection quality [47]

    图 10  弓头悬挂刚度对摩擦磨损性能的影响[47]

    Figure 10.  Influence of different bow suspension stiffnesses on friction and wear performance [47]

    图 11  接触线拉出值示意

    Figure 11.  Stagger of catenary line

    图 13  接触线拉出值波浪形分布及滑板磨耗型面

    Figure 13.  Waveform distribution of stagger and wear profile of strip

    图 12  接触线拉出值正态分布及滑板磨耗型面

    Figure 12.  Normal distribution of stagger and wear profile of strip

    图 14  弓网运行参数对磨耗性能的影响关系

    Figure 14.  Influence of pantograph-catenary operation parameters on wear performance

    图 15  温度对滑板磨损量的影响[80]

    Figure 15.  Influence of temperature on strip wear[80]

    图 16  电流对滑板摩擦因数的影响[81]

    Figure 16.  Influence of current on friction coefficient of strip[81]

    图 17  电流滑板磨损率的影响[81]

    Figure 17.  Influence of current on wear rate of strip[81]

    图 18  受电弓滑板磨耗性能预测流程

    Figure 18.  Process of predicting wear performance for pantograph strip

    图 19  刚性接触网接触线异常

    Figure 19.  Abnormal catenary line in rigid catenary

    表  1  滑板材料分类及优劣

    Table  1.   Classification, advantages and disadvantages of strip materials

    滑板种类 优点 缺点
    纯金属滑板  机械强度高、导电性能好、使用寿命长、成本低、取材方便、引发故障率低  对导线磨损严重,易与导线发生黏着效应、耐高温性能差、易熔融
    粉末冶金滑板  机械强度较好、表面硬度适中、抗冲击性能、导电性能良好  对导线磨损严重
    纯碳滑板  对导线磨耗小、较强的自润滑性能和减磨性能、电磁噪声小、耐高温  机械强度低、抗冲击性能差、易磨损、发生断裂和掉块
    浸金属碳滑板  机械强度高、耐冲击、导热性能好、与导线接触电阻小、耐磨、使用寿命长、耐电弧烧蚀  抗冲击性能差、易掉块、维护成本高
    复合材料滑板  良好的自润滑性、抗冲击性和抗折强度  易发生导电性能恶化、生产周期长,成本高
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  常见滑板的主要技术参数

    Table  2.   Main technical parameters of strip

    滑 板 体积密度/
    (g·cm−3
    硬度 电阻率/
    (μΩ·m)
    冲击韧性/
    (J·cm−2
    抗拉/抗折
    强度/MPa
    抗压强度/MPa 磨损率/
    (mm·万公里−1
    粉末冶金
    滑板(铁基)
    <8.0 HBS≤140 ≤0.35 ≥7.00 抗拉≥140 ≥290 ≤9.0
    粉末冶金
    滑板(铜基)
    7.8~8.2 HBS:60~90 ≤0.35 ≥7.00 抗拉≥120 ≤12.0
    浸金属滑板 ≤3.0 HS≥85 ≤12.00 ≥0.25 抗折≥85 ≥280 ≤13.0
    碳滑板 ≤1.8 HS:60~100 ≤40.00 ≥0.10 抗折≥30 ≥40 ≤12.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  预测模型对比

    Table  3.   Comparison of prediction models

    模型类型 优点 缺点
    机理分析模型 精度较高、可通过实时数据对磨耗量实时预测  各影响因素贡献度量化较困难;机理分析阶段对设备精度要求较高
    数据拟合模型 通过较短期试验量化各影响因素,且可保证较好的精度  拟合所需数据量较大;线路应用较困难
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-01-17
  • 修回日期:  2022-04-15
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-07-12
  • 刊出日期:  2022-05-24

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