磁悬浮列车发展现状与展望

邓自刚; 刘宗鑫; 李海涛; 张卫华

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220001

磁悬浮列车发展现状与展望

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220001

邓自刚^{1, 2,},
刘宗鑫^{1, 3},
李海涛¹,
张卫华^{1, 2, ,}

1.
西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川成都 610031
2.
西南交通大学超高速真空管道磁浮交通研究中心，四川成都 610031
3.
西南交通大学力学与航空航天学院，四川成都 610031

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（U19A20102，52022086）；四川省科技厅创新研究团队资助项目（22CXTD0070）

详细信息

作者简介:
邓自刚（1982—），男，研究员，博士，研究方向为磁浮交通技术及应用，E-mail：deng@swjtu.cn

通讯作者:
张卫华（1961—），男，教授，研究方向为机车车辆，E-mail：tpl@swjtu.cn

中图分类号: U266.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-04
- 修回日期: 2022-03-31
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-12
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-21

Development Status and Prospect of Maglev Train

DENG Zigang^{1, 2
,},
LIU Zongxin^{1, 3},
LI Haitao¹,
ZHANG Weihua^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
2.
Research Center for Super-High-Speed Evacuated Tube Maglev Transport, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
3.
School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China

摘要

摘要:
作为新型轨道交通技术的典型代表，磁悬浮交通具有无机械接触磨损、运行速度高、安全可靠、环境友好等优点，经过60年的发展，正逐渐走向成熟. 本文首先对国内外磁悬浮列车的发展历史作了简要回顾；然后，从结构原理、核心技术和应用场景等方面对永磁悬浮、电磁悬浮、电动悬浮和超导钉扎悬浮4大类磁悬浮交通系统进行了详细介绍，对其悬浮特点、悬浮间隙、磁力计算、驱动技术与技术成熟度等进行了阐述，并指出发展时速600公里级高速磁浮列车亟须解决的试验平台搭建、电机控制策略、紧急制动、线路维护、无线传能、无线通信、气动噪声、磁浮道岔等8个关键问题；最后，对超高速真空管道磁悬浮交通系统的研究进展以及需要研究的课题进行了探讨与展望.
- 磁悬浮列车 /
- 真空管道 /
- 高温超导钉扎悬浮 /
- 研究进展
Abstract:
As a typical representative of the new rail transit technology, magnetic levitation (maglev) transport has the advantages of no mechanical contact wear, high running speed, being safe and reliable, environment-friendly and so on. After 60 years of development, maglev transport is gradually becoming mature. Firstly, the developments of maglev trains at home and abroad were reviewed. Subsequently, permanent magnet suspension (PMS), electromagnetic suspension (EMS), electrodynamic suspension (EDS), and high-temperature superconducting pinning levitation (HTSPL) were presented from the structural principles, core technologies, and application fields. Then, the suspension characteristics, suspension gap, electromagnetic force calculation, and technology maturity of these four magnetic levitation modes were described. After that, eight key problems for the development of the 600 km/h high-speed maglev train were proposed which include construction of test platform, motor control strategy, emergency braking, line maintenance, wireless energy transmission, wireless communication, aerodynamic noise, and maglev turnout. Finally, the research progress and the research topics of ultra-high-speed evacuated tube transportation system were discussed and prospected.
- maglev vehicles /
- vacuum tubes /
- high-temperature superconducting pinning levitation /
- research progress

HTML全文

图 1 磁悬浮专利前十的国家

Figure 1. Top ten countries with magnetic levitation patents

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图 2 上海高速磁浮示范线

Figure 2. Shanghai high-speed maglev demonstration line

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图 3 长沙磁浮快线

Figure 3. Changsha maglev express

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图 4 北京“S1”磁浮示范线

Figure 4. Beijing “S1” maglev demonstration line

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图 5 青岛高速磁浮交通系统

Figure 5. Qingdao high-speed maglev transportation system

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图 6 日本中低速磁浮“Linimo”线

Figure 6. Japan medium and low speed maglev “linimo” line

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图 7 日本高速L0磁浮列车

Figure 7. Japan high-speed L0 maglev train

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图 8 韩国EcoBee磁悬浮线

Figure 8. Korea EcoBee maglev line

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图 9 MagTube （美国）

Figure 9. MagTube (America)

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图 10 美国中低速Inductrack系统

Figure 10. American medium and low speed Inductrack system

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图 11 磁浮方式的分类

Figure 11. Classification of maglev modes

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图 12 永磁悬浮原理

Figure 12. PML schemes

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图 13 电磁悬浮系统应用

Figure 13. EMS system application

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图 14 开环和闭环情况下吸引力与电流和气隙之间的关系

Figure 14. Relationships between the attraction force and the current and air gap in the cases of open loop and close loop

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图 15 电动悬浮原理示意

Figure 15. Schematic diagram of EDS

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图 16 电动悬浮系统浮阻特性

Figure 16. Levitation and resistance characteristics of EDS system

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图 17 电动悬浮制式分类

Figure 17. Classification of EDS system

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图 18 低温超导电动悬浮列车截面示意

Figure 18. Diagram of LTS EDS train

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图 19 “8”字形零磁通轨道线圈线路（含交叉连接线）

Figure 19. Diagram of “8” -shaped null-flux track coil with cross-connected line

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图 20 低温超导电动磁浮悬浮导向推进功能原理

Figure 20. Suspension, guidance, propulsion of LTS EDS

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图 21 零场冷悬浮方式

Figure 21. Zero field cooling suspension mode

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图 22 高温超导钉扎悬浮方案

Figure 22. HTSPL scheme

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图 23 “世纪号”高温超导钉扎悬浮车

Figure 23. “Century” HTSPLvehicle

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图 24 高温超导钉扎悬浮环形试验线

Figure 24. HTSPL ring test line

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图 25 “SupraTrans II”高温超导钉扎悬浮车

Figure 25. “Supratrans II” HTSPL vehicle

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图 26 “Maglev-Cobra”高温超导钉扎悬浮试验线

Figure 26. “Maglev-Cobra” HTSPL test line

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图 27 高温超导钉扎悬浮的工程化样车

Figure 27. Engineering prototype of HTSPL

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图 28 Virgin Hyperloop One

Figure 28. Virgin Hyperloop One

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图 29 Zeleros Hyperloop概念图

Figure 29. Zeleros Hyperloop concept

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图 30 高超导钉扎悬浮-真空管道运输原型“Super-Maglev”

Figure 30. HTSPL-ETT prototype “Super-Maglev”

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图 31 时速400公里级的高温超导钉扎悬浮-真空管道高速试验平台

Figure 31. 400 km/h class HTSPL-ETT high-speed test platform

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图 32 多态耦合轨道交通动态试验平台示意

Figure 32. Schematic diagram of multi-state coupling rail transit dynamic test platform

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表 1 高温超导钉扎悬浮-真空管运输原型“Super-Maglev”参数

Table 1. Parameters of HTSPL-ETT prototype “Super-Maglev”

特点	描述
管道	直径 2 m，长度 45 m
线路	跑道型，两条直径 6 m的曲线 + 两条 3.6 m 长的直线
压强	10~100 kPa （0.1~1.0 atm）
牵引制动	直线感应电机 + 机械制动
速度范围	0~50 km/h

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