Low-Scale Morphological Feature Recalibration Method for Breast Ultrasound Classification
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摘要:
针对乳腺超声图像具有类内差异大、类间差异小以及结节形状复杂多变等问题，提出一种形状特征重校准的乳腺超声图像算法，实现乳腺超声的自动化诊断. 首先，构建端到端的网络模型，采用渐进训练方式，充分学习图像中更具辨别力的区域，获取更细粒度的特征信息；其次，提出分区打乱机制，降低网络中打乱图像时破坏结节区域所产生的噪声；然后，将模型底层提取的特征与通过掩膜图像获得的形状特征进行重校准，提出低尺度重校准损失函数；最后，构建一个包含1550张乳腺超声图像数据集LSRD （low-scale recalibration database），验证所提方法的有效性. 实验结果表明：本文模型在LSRD上准确率94.3%、敏感性91.2%、特异性93.6%、ROC （receiver operator characteristic curve）与坐标围成的面积（area under curve，AUC）为0.941，均优于对比模型；在BUSI （breast ultrasound image）数据集上，相较于对比模型，其分类精度提升3.3%.
Abstract:Breast ultrasound images have large intra-class differences, small inter-class differences, and complex and variable nodule shapes. In order to address these issues, a breast ultrasound image algorithm with morphological feature recalibration was designed to realize automatic diagnosis of breast ultrasound. First, an end-to-end network model was built, which adopted progressive training to fully learn the more discriminative regions in the image and obtain more fine-grained feature information. Secondly, a partition shuffle mechanism was proposed to reduce the noise caused by the disruption of the nodule region when the image was shuffled. Then, the features extracted from the bottom layer of the model were recalibrated with the morphological features obtained through the mask image, and a low-scale recalibration loss function was proposed. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a low-scale recalibration database (LSRD) containing 1 550 breast ultrasound images was constructed. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed model on LSRD is 94.3%; the sensitivity is 91.2%; the specificity is 93.6%, and the area (AUC) under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) is 0.941, all of which are superior to other comparison models. On the breast ultrasound image (BUSI) dataset, compared with the other models, the classification accuracy of the proposed model is improved by 3.3%.
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图 6 不同层次形状特征重校准对比
Figure 6. Comparison of morphological feature recalibration at different layers
表 1 不同主干网络分类精度对比
Table 1. Comparison of classification accuracy for different backbone networks
% 网络模型 训练集 测试集 精度 F1 分数 精度 F1 分数 ResNet18 83.5 82.0 82.3 81.7 ResNet34 85.6 84.9 84.8 82.3 ResNet50 90.8 87.6 81.2 76.3 VGG-16 80.9 79.8 80.6 79.6 VGG-19 82.5 81.6 80.0 79.5 
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表 2 分块尺度对比实验
Table 2. Comparison experiments of partition scales
% 块尺度
大小/块训练集 训练集 精度 F1 分数 精度 F1 分数 16 83.1 82.9 82.8 82.3 8 84.2 83.9 83.2 82.5 4 89.6 89.3 88.3 87.7 2 86.1 85.7 85.3 85.1
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表 3 图像打乱对比实验
Table 3. Comparison experiments of shuffled images
% 打乱方法 训练集 测试集 精度 F1 分数 精度 F1 分数 未打乱 85.6 84.9 84.8 82.3 随机打乱 88.2 87.9 87.2 86.5 分区打乱 89.6 89.3 88.3 87.7
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表 4 重校准损失函数对分类精度的影响
Table 4. Influence of recalibration loss function on classification accuracy
% 损失函数 训练集 测试集 精度 F1 分数 精度 F1 分数 Log-Cosh 91.7 91.6 90.3 90.8 MAE 88.3 88.5 86.1 86.7 SMAE 89.3 89.1 90.6 90.2 MSE 93.8 92.5 91.3 91.7
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表 5 重校准损失函数和分类损失函数的权重对分类精度的影响
Table 5. Influence of weights of recalibration loss function and classification loss function on classification accuracy
% 损失函数权重 训练集 测试集 Ls Lcla 精度 F1 分数 精度 F1 分数 1.00 1.00 93.8 92.5 91.3 91.7 0.25 0.75 90.3 89.7 89.3 88.3 0.50 0.50 91.5 90.8 90.6 90.2 0.75 0.25 92.3 91.2 90.8 90.5
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表 6 不同融合方法对分类精度的影响
Table 6. Influence of different fusion methods on classification accuracy
% 融合方法 训练集 测试集 精度 F1 分数 精度 F1 分数 Max 93.4 92.9 92.7 92.2 Sum 92.6 92.0 92.3 91.7 Conv 94.9 94.5 94.3 93.6
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表 7 不同打乱方法和重校准损失函数下的消融实验
Table 7. Ablation experiments with different shuffle methods and recalibration loss functions
% 打乱方法 损失函数 训练集 测试集 精度 F1 分数 精度 F1 分数 未打乱 Log-Cosh 86.2 85.3 84.8 83.3 MAE 85.2 84.9 83.7 83.1 SMAE 85.6 84.7 84.2 83.9 MSE 86.8 86.2 85.9 85.7 随机打乱 Log-Cosh 87.2 86.9 87.2 86.3 MAE 86.2 86.9 86.2 86.3 SMAE 86.7 86.3 85.8 85.6 MSE 87.9 87.3 87.1 86.5 分区打乱 Log-Cosh 91.7 91.6 90.3 90.8 MAE 88.3 88.5 86.1 86.7 SMAE 89.3 89.1 90.6 90.2 MSE 93.8 92.5 91.3 91.7
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表 8 BUSI数据集实验结果
Table 8. Experimental results of BUSI dataset
% 融合方法 训练集 测试集 精度 F1 分数 精度 F1 分数 Max 93.4 92.9 92.7 92.2 Sum 92.6 92.0 92.3 91.7 Conv 94.9 94.5 94.3 93.6
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表 9 本文模型与主流方法性能比较
Table 9. Performance comparison between proposed method and popular methods
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