Coordinated Control Method of Photovoltaic and Battery System Connected to Traction Power Supply System Based on Railway Power Conditioner
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摘要:
为将光伏发电接入牵引供电系统进行有效利用，同时兼顾牵引供电系统电能质量改善及列车再生制动能量回收利用，提出了一种基于铁路功率调节器的光储系统接入牵引供电系统的协调控制方法. 首先，搭建基于铁路功率调节器的光储系统接入牵引供电拓扑结构，并对其电能质量补偿机理进行理论分析；在此基础上，充分考虑光储系统的运行条件以及列车牵引、制动、空载或惰行工况，提出光储系统接入牵引供电的联合协调控制方法，实现了“光 + 储 + 荷”三者间的协调控制、牵引供电系统负序的动态补偿以及谐波的有效抑制；在RT-Lab实时仿真系统中建立了基于铁路功率调节器的光伏接入牵引供电系统仿真模型，并结合实际光照和牵引工况数据验证本文所提出的系统结构以及协调控制方法的有效性. 结果表明：本文所提出的系统结构以及协调控制方法能够实现牵引供电系统中光储系统的有效接入，再生制动能量回收率提升至86.7%，功率因数提升 6.4%，对谐波特别是高次谐波含有率有较大改善，满足光伏电能高效消纳及综合利用、电能质量动态综合补偿、再生制动能量回收多重需求.
Abstract:To connect the photovoltaic (PV) power generation to the traction power supply system for effective utilization and take into account the improvement of the power quality of the traction power supply system and the recycling of the regenerative braking energy of the train, a coordinated control method based on railway power conditioner (RPC) was proposed to connect the PV and battery system to the traction power supply system. Firstly, the PV and battery system based on RPC was connected to the traction power supply topology, and its power quality compensation mechanism was analyzed theoretically. On this basis, a combined coordinated control method for the PV and battery system connected to the traction power supply was proposed by taking full account of the operating conditions of the PV and battery system and the working conditions of traction, braking, no load, or idling. As a result, the coordinated control of “PV + battery + load”, the dynamic compensation of negative sequence, and the effective suppression of harmonics in the traction power supply system were realized. To verify the validity of the proposed system structure and the coordinated control method, the simulation model of the PV and battery system connected to the traction power supply system based on RPC was established in the RT-Lab real-time simulation system, in combination with the actual illumination and the data of traction conditions. The results show that the proposed system structure and coordinated control method can realize the effective access of the PV and battery system in the traction power supply system. The regenerative braking energy recovery rate is increased to 86.7%, and the power factor is increased by 6.4%. There is a big improvement in the current ratio of harmonics, especially high harmonics. Therefore, the proposed method can meet the demands of efficient PV power dissipation and comprehensive utilization, dynamic and comprehensive compensation of power quality, and regenerative braking energy recovery.
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图 1 基于RPC的牵引供电系统综合补偿结构图
Figure 1. Comprehensive compensation structure of traction power supply system based on RPC
图 4 光储荷系统功率控制流程图
Figure 4. Flow chart of power control for “PV + battery + load” system
图 5 补偿前、后三相侧电流变化
Figure 5. Three-phase side current changes before and after compensation
图 9 光储 + RPC接入前负序电流
Figure 9. Negative sequence current before PV and battery + RPC access
图 10 光储 + RPC接入后2种光照下的负序电流
Figure 10. Negative sequence current under two kinds of illumination after PV and battery + RPC access
图 11 光储 + RPC接入前后谐波电流含有率变化
Figure 11. Changes in current ratio of each harmonic before and after PV and battery + RPC access
表 1 仿真模型主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of simulation model
子系统 参数 数值 牵引变压器 变比 220/27.5 降压变压器 变比 27.5/1 变流器 直流侧电压/V 4000 RPC 直流电容/F 0.02 RPC 交流电感/H 0.0001 光伏装机 容量/MW 3.265 蓄电池 容量/MW 6 
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表 2 各次谐波电流含有率
Table 2. Current ratio of each harmonic
谐波次数/次 含有率/% 谐波次数/次 含有率/% 3 9.725 31 5.108 5 2.683 33 3.230 7 2.750 35 9.415 9 1.750 37 3.388 11 1.575 39 4.708
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