Application of Rayleigh Wave Elliptic Polarization in Shield Tunnel Stratum Disturbance Exploration
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摘要:
为解决传统物探方法在城市盾构隧道工程中难以对地层扰动达到较好探测和监测目的，提出了主动源瑞利面波椭圆极化方法. 采用二维有限元数值模拟对实际盾构隧道施工背景下的地层情况进行全波场正演模拟，并对其波场传播、速度频散和椭圆极化频散等特征进行分析；结合工程实例，进一步将椭圆极化方法和传统速度频散方法进行对比研究. 研究结果表明：主动源瑞利面波椭圆极化方法在探测地下介质结构分布及监测地下空洞等异常结构的变化方面具有和传统速度频散方法同样的探测效果，但由于其不需要长大检波器排列，对周围环境震动等噪声抗干扰能力相对较强，因此更适合城市等场地受限和具有一定震动和噪声干扰的环境，从而具有更广阔的应用前景.
Abstract:In order to solve the problem that traditional geophysical methods are difficult to achieve better detection and monitoring of stratum disturbance in urban shield tunnel engineering, the application of active source Rayleigh surface wave elliptical polarization method is proposed. Firstly, the 2D finite element numerical simulation is used to simulate the full-wave field forward modeling of the stratum under the actual shield tunnel construction background, and the characteristics of wave field propagation, velocity dispersion and elliptical polarization dispersion are analyzed. Then, the elliptical polarization method and the traditional velocity dispersion method are further analyzed and compared on the basis of a combination of examples. The results indicate that the active source Rayleigh surface wave elliptic polarization method has the same detection effect as the traditional velocity dispersion method in detecting the distribution of underground medium structure and monitoring the changes of underground cavity and other abnormal structures. However, because it does not need the arrangement of long and long geophones, it has relatively strong anti-interference ability to the vibration and other noise of the surrounding environment. Therefore, it is more suitable for the environment with limited sites such as cities and certain vibration and noise interference, so it has a broader application prospect.
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图 1 盾构隧道数值模型观测排列示意
Figure 1. Observation arrangement for numerical model of shield tunnel
图 3 盾构隧道横剖面模型数值模拟成果
Figure 3. Numerical simulation results of transverse section model of shield tunnel
图 4 盾构隧道（纵剖面）模型数值模拟成果
Figure 4. Numerical simulation results of longitudinal section model of shield tunnel
图 5 盾构隧道上方空洞初期模型数值模拟成果
Figure 5. Numerical simulation results of initial cavity model above shield tunnel
图 6 盾构隧道上方空洞向地表发展模型数值模拟成果
Figure 6. Numerical simulation results of development model of shield tunnel cavity to ground surface
图 8 实例（盾构隧道开挖前）解译
Figure 8. Projecte interpretation diagram （before shield tunnel excavation）
图 9 实例解译（盾构隧道开挖后）
Figure 9. Projecte interpretation diagram （after shield tunnel excavation）
表 1 数值模型介质参数
Table 1. Medium parameters of numerical model
编号 弹性
模量/
MPa密度/
（kg•m−3）纵波
波速/
（m•s−1）横波
波速/
（m•s−1）面波
波速/
（m•s−1）泊松比 1 280 1800 630 234 221 0.42 2 11 1500 524 160 151 0.45 
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表 2 数值模拟结果特征分析
Table 2. Characteristic analysis of numerical simulation results
模型 波场传播特征 速度频散特征 椭圆极化特征 a 直达纵波和面波同相轴均为直线，且随着偏移距增大，纵波衰减较快，面波衰减较慢 Vr 基本为200~220 m/s，与均匀介质模型Vr 理论值 221 m/s 基本吻合 椭圆极化率值 Er 趋于均一，整体 Er 值分布在 0.8 附近 b 直达纵波和面波之间以及面波下方都出现了弯曲弧形同相轴（实线圈处），且弧形同相轴顶点位于第25 个接收点附近 黑色实线区内（偏移距65 m、深度10 m 附近）介质 Vr 为130~160 m/s，呈相对低速特征，其周围介质整体速度相对较为均匀，约190~220 m/s，为相对高速特征，该高速值与设置的围岩 Vr 值221 m/s 相符合 隧道断面（黑色实线区）周围出现分别向两侧斜下方倾斜的 Er 异常，其左侧（左虚线圈）为向左下方微倾斜的散射状Er（1.0~1.4）区域，右侧（右虚线圈）为向右下方微倾斜的散射状低 Er（0.1~0.5）区域，黑色实线区 Er 为 0.6~0.8，介于两侧 Er 之间 c 直达纵波 DP 下方，每隔一定 x-t 间隔出现一组振幅较强的同相轴波形（实线圈范围内） 以10 m 处白色实线为界有明显的速度差异，隧道（白色实线区域）及以下呈明显低速特征，其 Vr 约为110~160 m/s，隧道上层介质速度为200~235 m/s，与模型设置围岩 Vr 221 m/s 接近 深度10 m 即隧道界面附近，椭圆极化特征大致呈上下两层分布，其中上层椭圆极化率值高低较不均匀，呈区块状分布，其中较高（1.3~2.5）或较低（0.1~0.7）的 Er 值区块，整体上，上层 Er 大于下层 d 空洞位置即第25个检波器偏移距65 m附近，体波下方及面波分布区中叠加有弯曲的弧形同相轴（实线圈处）波形 空洞区域及隧道（上下两个白色实线框）下方介质均为低速特征，面波波速 Vr 为120~170 m/s，上方介质Vr 较高为195~235 m/s，与设置的围岩面波速度 221 m/s 较吻合 偏移距 65 m 处即空洞（白色实线小框）下方 Er 值分别向两侧斜下方呈放射状高低相间排列的分布规律，其中左侧为 Er 高值区（左虚线圈所示， 1.0~2.0），右侧为 Er 低值区（右虚线所示，0.3~0.9），空洞异常在两侧放射状高低 Er 之间的顶部位置；且 Er 分布规律整体上呈上下两层分布，上侧 Er 明显高于下侧 e 空洞位置即第25 个检波器偏移距65 m 附近，体波下方及面波分布区中叠加有弧形同相轴（实线圈处） 空洞运动轨迹范围（白色实线区域和白色虚线区域）内堆积土体介质的低速特征，其速度约为 120~170 m/s，周围介质速度仍为原来设定的190~230 m/s 左侧 Er 高值区（左虚线圈所示）为1.6~2.5，右侧 Er 低值区（右虚线圈所示）0.3~1.2，空洞异常仍在两侧高低 Er 之间的顶部位置，且 Er 分布规律整体上呈上下两层分布，上侧 Er 值明显高于下侧
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