Summary of Research on Key Technologies and Energy Management of Electro-Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain
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摘要:
现有混合动力驱动技术以油电、油液混合动力为主，旨在提高传统燃油车辆的能量利用率、降低油耗和排放. 基于液压技术的大功率密度及能量再生优势，电液混合动力系统可在全速工况范围内实现能量高效利用，提高纯电驱系统的功率密度，有效改善电动车辆续驶里程及蓄电池循环使用寿命. 本文对电液混合动力系统构型、能量回收技术、能量释放模式及控制策略等相关研究成果的进展、现状及发展趋势进行综述，分析了利用电液混合动力构型与先进能量管理策略提升纯电动车辆动力性能与能量利用率的可行性技术方案与应用前景. 根据已有研究成果，装备电液混合动力系统后车辆最大可降低约40%的能量消耗，在能量高效利用方面具有显著优势. 对于电液混合动力系统而言，液压能再生、耦合与释放等与行驶场景及电机工况点密切相关，研究重点应解决动力耦合、再生制动与能量管理等关键技术，从而提升动力系统的综合性能特别是功率密度与节能特性.
Abstract:The existing hybrid drive technology is mainly based on the hybrid power of oil electricity or liquid, and it aims to improve the energy utilization rate of conventional fuel vehicles and reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Based on the high power density and energy regeneration advantages of hydraulic technology, the electro-hydraulic hybrid powertrain can achieve efficient energy utilization within the full-speed operating range, increase the power density of pure electric drive system, and effectively improve the driving range of electric vehicles and cycling life of batteries. This paper summarizes the progress, current situation, and development trend of research on electro-hydraulic hybrid powertrain configuration, energy recovery technology, energy release mode, and control strategy and analyzes the feasibility and application prospect of using electro-hydraulic hybrid configuration and advanced energy management strategy to improve the power performance and energy utilization rate of pure electric vehicles. According to the existing research results, the vehicle equipped with an electro-hydraulic hybrid powertrain can reduce energy consumption by about 40% at most, which has significant advantages in efficient energy utilization. For an electro-hydraulic hybrid powertrain, hydraulic energy regeneration, coupling, and release are closely related to driving scenarios and motor operating conditions. The research should focus on solving key technologies such as power coupling, regenerative braking, and energy management, so as to improve the overall performance of the powertrain, especially the power density and energy-saving characteristics.
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图 8 不同电机启动方式下的蓄电池输出电流
Figure 8. The battery output current of different motor starting methods
表 1 不同动力混合型式的比较
Table 1. Comparison of different power hybrid types
类别 优势 劣势 串联电液混合动力 电机与机械负载解耦并无级调速、保护蓄电池、布局灵活 能量多次转化导致利用率低、系统惯性负载大 并联电液混合动力 能量损失小、驱动效率高、结构简单 电机工作环境难以调节、控制复杂 混联电液混合动力 能量利用率高、动力性能好、布局灵活、有效保护蓄电池 结构复杂、控制难度大 
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表 2 不同控制策略的优缺点对比及其应用
Table 2. Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of different control strategies and their applications
类别 优势 劣势 应用 基于确定规则控制 结构简单、控制响应快速 控制参数选取依赖经验 各种混合动力车辆 基于模糊规则控制 具有较强适应性，易于应用 需人为优化，适用范围小 部分混合动力车辆 瞬时优化控制 易获近似最优解，性能好 计算量较大，控制复杂 部分混合动力试验车 全局优化控制 易获理论最优解，无需校正 需预知大量行驶信息，计算量大 多用于引导简单控制
策略的制定
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