Effect of Mechanical Ventilation and Ground Temperature on Anti-Freezing Length of Tunnels in Cold Regions
-
摘要:
为揭示通风参数及地温对寒区隧道冻害的影响，基于传热学理论推导了隧道围岩-衬砌-风流三维非稳态数值传热控制方程,分析了不同节点的数值传热差分方程，建立了高地温寒区隧道三维温度场数值计算模型；基于数值分析研究了机械通风速度、机械通风时间和地温对高地温寒区隧道防冻长度的影响. 结果表明：1） 不考虑机械通风，孜拉山隧道的防冻长度超过1200 m；地温每升高5 ℃隧道防冻长度将减小约100 m. 2） 考虑机械通风影响，当地温为10～30 ℃时，每天以2.5 m/s的速度通风2.0 h可减少防冻长度215 m；不同地温下机械通风速度每增大0.5 m/s，防冻长度减小约20 m，地温对防冻长度衰减速率影响很小；当机械通风时间小于2.0 h时，不同地温条件下增大机械通风速度对防冻长度的影响不大.
Abstract:In order to reveal the effect of ventilation parameters and ground temperature on freezing damage in tunnels in cold regions, the three-dimensional unsteady numerical heat transfer control equations for the tunnel surrounding rock, lining, and airflow are developed based on heat transfer theory. The numerical heat transfer difference equations of different nodes are analyzed, and a three-dimensional temperature field numerical calculation model is established for tunnels in cold regions with high ground temperatures. The effect of mechanical ventilation velocity, mechanical ventilation time, and ground temperature on the anti-freezing length of tunnels in cold regions with high ground temperatures is studied based on numerical analysis. The results show that 1) without considering mechanical ventilation, the anti-freezing length of Zilashan tunnel will exceed 1 200 m and decrease by about 100 m when the ground temperature increases by every 5 ℃. 2) By considering the effect of mechanical ventilation, when the ground temperature is 10–30 ℃, ventilation at a speed of 2.5 m/s for 2.0 h per day can reduce the anti-freezing length by 215 m; the anti-freezing length decreases by about 20 m as mechanical ventilation velocity increases every 0.5 m/s under different ground temperatures, and the effect of ground temperature on the decay rate of anti-freezing length is slight; when the mechanical ventilation time is less than 2.0 h, increasing mechanical ventilation velocity under different ground temperature conditions has little effect on anti-freezing length.
-
图 2 模型试验平台及测点布置（单位：cm)
Figure 2. Model test platform and measuring point layout (unit: cm)
图 3 试验结果与数值结果对比（截面D）
Figure 3. Comparison between test results and numerical results (section D)
图 6 不同机械通风速度下围岩纵向温度分布
Figure 6. Longitudinal temperature distribution of surrounding rock under different mechanical speeds and ground temperature
图 7 不同机械通风速度下围岩温度及不同地温下防冻长度
Figure 7. Surrounding rock temperature and anti-freezing length under different mechanical ventilation speeds and geotemperature
图 8 不同通风时间下通风速度对围岩温度及防冻长度影响
Figure 8. Influence of ventilation speed on surrounding rock temperature and anti-freezing length under different ventilation time
表 1 昌都地区气温参数（近20年）
Table 1. Temperature parameters in Changdu area (nearly 20 years)
℃ 月份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 均温 −1.6 1.0 4.7 8.1 12.2 15.3 16.3 15.5 13.1 8.4 2.4 −1.5 最低均温 −9.6 −6.8 −2.4 1.4 5.3 9.2 12.6 10.0 7.3 1.8 −5.0 −9.3 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 数值计算工况
Table 2. Numerical calculation conditions
工况 机械通风风
速/（m·s−1）每天机械通
风时间/h地温/℃ 1～5 0 1.0，1.5，2.0，
2.5，3.0孜拉山实
际地温6～10 2.5 11～15 3.0 16～20 3.5 21～25 4.0 26～30 0 2.0 10，15，20，
25，3031～35 2.5 36～40 3.0 41～45 3.5 46～50 4.0
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 周幼吾, 郭东信, 邱国庆, 等. 中国冻土[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000. [2] ILKEN Z, GUNERHAN H. An investigation about the relations between the results of heat conduction problems with and without phase change[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 1996, 23(6): 899-905. doi: 10.1016/0735-1933(96)00072-3 [3] MOTTAGHY D, RATH V. Latent heat effects in subsurface heat transport modelling and their impact on palaeotemperature reconstructions[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2006, 164(1): 236-245. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02843.x [4] TAKUMI K, TAKASHI M, KOUICHI F. An estimation of inner temperatures at cold region tunnel for heat insulator design[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 2008, 54(A): 32-38. [5] BRONFENBRENER L. The modelling of the freezing process in fine-grained porous media: application to the frost heave estimation[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2009, 56(2/3): 120-134. [6] 张国柱,夏才初,殷卓. 寒区隧道轴向及径向温度分布理论解[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(8): 1117-1122,1160. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-374x.2010.08.003ZHANG Guozhu, XIA Caichu, YIN Zhuo. Analytical solution to axial and radial temperature of tunnel in cold region[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2010, 38(8): 1117-1122,1160. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-374x.2010.08.003 [7] 夏才初,张国柱,肖素光. 考虑衬砌和隔热层的寒区隧道温度场解析解[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9): 1767-1773.XIA Caichu, ZHANG Guozhu, XIAO Suguang. Analytical solution to temperature fields of tunnel in cold region considering lining and insulation layer[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 29(9): 1767-1773. [8] 冯强,蒋斌松. 多层介质寒区公路隧道保温层厚度计算的一种解析方法[J]. 岩土工程学报,2014,36(10): 1879-1887.FENG Qiang, JIANG Binsong. Analytical method for insulation layer thickness of highway tunnels with multilayer dielectric in cold regions[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2014, 36(10): 1879-1887. [9] ZHOU X H, ZENG Y H, FAN L. Temperature field analysis of a cold-region railway tunnel considering mechanical and train-induced ventilation effects[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 100: 114-124. [10] 周小涵,曾艳华,白赟,等. 基于圆形断面的隧道温度场有限差分计算模型[J]. 隧道建设,2016,36(11): 1332-1336.ZHOU Xiaohan, ZENG Yanhua, BAI Yun, et al. Finite difference calculation model for tunnel temperature field based on circular cross-section[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2016, 36(11): 1332-1336. [11] 高焱. 寒区高速铁路隧道温度场理论与保温技术研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2017. [12] 高焱,朱永全,赵东平,等. 列车活塞风影响下寒区隧道温度场的变化规律[J]. 西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,49(1): 118-124. doi: 10.15986/j.1006-7930.2017.01.019GAO Yan, ZHU Yongquan, ZHAO Dongping, et al. Varying rule of temperature field in the tunnel in cold region under the influence of the train piston wind[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 49(1): 118-124. doi: 10.15986/j.1006-7930.2017.01.019 [13] LU T S, ZHANG G Z, LIU S Y, et al. Numerical investigation of the temperature field and thermal insulation design of cold-region tunnels considering airflow effect[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 191: 116923.1-116923.15. [14] WU H, ZHONG Y J, XU W, et al. Experimental investigation of ground and air temperature fields of a cold-region road tunnel in NW China[J]. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020, 2020: 4732490.1-4732490.13. [15] ZHAO X, ZHANG H W, LAI H P, et al. Temperature field characteristics and influencing factors on frost depth of a highway tunnel in a cold region[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2020, 179: 103141.1-103141.17. [16] TAO L L, REN X C, ZHAO D X, et al. Numerical study on effect of natural wind and piston wind on anti-freezing length of tunnels with high geo-temperature in cold region[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2022, 172: 107372.1-107372.11. [17] JIANG H Q, NIU F J, MA Q G, et al. Numerical analysis of heat transfer between air inside and outside the tunnel caused by piston action[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2021, 170: 107164.1-107164.15. [18] KANG F C, LI Y C, TANG C A. Numerical study on airflow temperature field in a high-temperature tunnel with insulation layer[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 179: 115654.1-115654.13. [19] 张建荣,刘照球. 混凝土对流换热系数的风洞实验研究[J]. 土木工程学报,2006,39(9): 39-42,61. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-131X.2006.09.006ZHANG Jianrong, LIU Zhaoqiu. A study on the convective heat transfer coefficient of concrete in wind tunnel experiment[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2006, 39(9): 39-42,61. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-131X.2006.09.006 [20] ZENG Y H, TAO L L, YE X Q, et al. [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2020, 99: 103381.1-103381.16.ZENG Y H,TAO L L,YE X Q,et al. Temperature reduction for extra-long railway tunnel with high geotemperature by longitudinal ventilation[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2020,99: 103381.1-103381.16. [21] 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司. 铁路隧道运营通风设计规范: TB 10068—2010[S]. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 2010. -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 313
- HTML全文浏览量: 89
- PDF下载量: 36
- 被引次数: 0