车轮高阶多边形磨耗发生与演化特征分析

董雅宏; 曹树谦

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210989

车轮高阶多边形磨耗发生与演化特征分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210989

董雅宏^{1, 2, 3,},
曹树谦^{2, 3, ,}

1.
兰州交通大学机电工程学院，甘肃兰州 730070
2.
天津大学机械工程学院，天津 300354
3.
天津大学天津市非线性动力学与混沌控制重点实验室，天津 300354

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（12272259）

详细信息

作者简介:
董雅宏（1987—），女，副教授，研究方向为轮轨动力学与控制，E-mail：dyh@lzjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
曹树谦（1964—），男，教授，研究方向为非线性动力学与控制，E-mail：sqcao@tju.edu.cn

中图分类号: U270.1
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- 文章访问数: 420
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-30
- 修回日期: 2022-02-17
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-18
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-05

Analysis of Generation and Evolution Characteristics of Wheel High-Order Polygonal Wear

DONG Yahong^{1, 2, 3
,},
CAO Shuqian^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
3.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos Control, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China

摘要

摘要:
针对日益突出的车轮高阶多边形磨耗问题，基于轮轨系统转子动力学模型、轮轨接触模型和车轮圆周磨耗深度模型，建立车轮多边形磨耗发生与演化模型；分析列车运行速度和车轮质量偏心的变化，揭示车轮多边形磨耗发生与演化的规律，并进行现场跟踪实测数据验证；通过模态和灵敏度分析研究系统参数对多边形磨耗的影响. 研究结果表明：车轮高阶多边形磨耗的产生和演化遵循“定频整分”规律，即580 Hz左右的固定频率整分轮对转频时，车轮磨耗会演化成19阶左右的多边形，否则车轮磨耗将趋于均匀；该固定频率主要来源于轮对的2阶弯曲模态，且对车轴直径的灵敏度最大，通过定转速运行、增大车轴直径等措施改变固定频率可有效抑制车轮多边形磨耗.
- 高阶多边形 /
- 磨耗 /
- 定频整分 /
- 灵敏度
Abstract:
Aiming at the increasingly serious problem of high-order wheel polygonal wear, based on the wheel-rail system rotor dynamics model, wheel-rail contact model and wear depth model, the generation and evolution model of wheel polygonal wear is established. By analyzing the variation of speed and wheel mass eccentricity, the regularity of generation and evolution of wheel polygonal wear are revealed, and the field tracking data are verified. The influence of system parameters on polygonal wear is studied by modal analysis and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the generation and evolution of high order wheel polygonal wear follows the law of “fixed frequency and divisible”. When the fixed frequency of 580 Hz divides wheelset rotation frequency, the wheel wear will evolve into 19^th order polygonal, otherwise it will tend to be uniform. This fixed frequency is mainly derived from the 2^nd-order bending mode of the wheelset and has the greatest sensitivity to the axle diameter. The fixed frequency of the wheel can be changed by running at constant rotating speed and increasing the axle diameter, which can effectively suppress the polygonal wear of the wheel.
- high-order polygonal /
- wear /
- fixed frequency and divisible /
- sensitivity

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图 1 轮对转子系统动力学模型

Figure 1. Dynamic model of wheelset rotor system

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图 2 圆盘瞬时位置及受力

Figure 2. Disk instantaneous position and force

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图 3 轮对系统的振动和磨耗特征

Figure 3. Vibration characteristics of wheelset rotor system

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图 4 不同偏心量的幅频

Figure 4. Amplitude-frequency diagram under different eccentricities

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图 5 不同偏心量的车轮磨耗形状

Figure 5. Wheel wear shapes under different eccentricity

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图 6 不同角速度ω的频谱

Figure 6. Spectrum diagram under different angular velocities

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图 7 不同频率比下的车轮磨耗形状

Figure 7. Wheel wear shapes under different frequency ratios

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图 8 不同固有频率下的振型

Figure 8. Mode shapes at different natural frequencies

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图 9 考虑转动效应下轮轨耦合系统振动模态

Figure 9. Vibration modes of wheel-rail coupling system considering rotation effect

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图 10 不同扣件刚度幅频图

Figure 10. Amplitude-frequency diagram under different fastener stiffnesses

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图 11 不同扣件刚度的磨耗特征

Figure 11. Wear characteristics under different fastener stiffnesses

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图 12 不同车轴直径的幅频图

Figure 12. Amplitude-frequency diagram under different diameters

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图 13 不同车轴直径的磨耗特征

Figure 13. Wear characteristics under different diameters

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图 14 不同车轮质量的幅频图

Figure 14. Amplitude-frequency diagram under different wheel masses

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图 15 不同车轮质量的磨耗特征

Figure 15. Wear characteristics under different wheel masses

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图 16 不同支承刚度的幅频图

Figure 16. Amplitude-frequency diagram under different support stiffnesses

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图 17 不同支承刚度的磨耗特征

Figure 17. Wear characteristics under different support stiffnesses

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图 18 固定频率灵敏度分析结果

Figure 18. Fixed frequency sensitivity analysis results

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表 1 车轮多边形磨耗参数分析

Table 1. Analysis of wheel polygonal wear parameters

n	D/mm	ω/（rad·s⁻¹）	f₂/Hz	f_x/Hz
20	915	182.1	29.0	580.1
19	875	190.5	30.3	576.3
18	830	200.8	32.0	575.6

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表 2 轮轨耦合系统的固有频率

Table 2. Natural frequency of rotor system of wheel set Hz

不考虑转动效应			考虑转动效应
刚轮柔轨	柔轮刚轨	柔轮柔轨	柔轮柔轨
519.40	567.16	565.42	565.42
559.49	567.19	580.73	580.61
574.77	577.74	583.07	582.97
593.11	578.03	584.48	584.37
605.90	585.43	585.47	585.65
608.93	585.45	586.78	586.94
622.27	748.22	591.33	591.35
648.97	769.92	621.80	621.81

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