Analysis of Generation and Evolution Characteristics of Wheel High-Order Polygonal Wear
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摘要:
针对日益突出的车轮高阶多边形磨耗问题,基于轮轨系统转子动力学模型、轮轨接触模型和车轮圆周磨耗深度模型,建立车轮多边形磨耗发生与演化模型;分析列车运行速度和车轮质量偏心的变化,揭示车轮多边形磨耗发生与演化的规律,并进行现场跟踪实测数据验证;通过模态和灵敏度分析研究系统参数对多边形磨耗的影响. 研究结果表明:车轮高阶多边形磨耗的产生和演化遵循“定频整分”规律,即580 Hz左右的固定频率整分轮对转频时,车轮磨耗会演化成19阶左右的多边形,否则车轮磨耗将趋于均匀;该固定频率主要来源于轮对的2阶弯曲模态,且对车轴直径的灵敏度最大,通过定转速运行、增大车轴直径等措施改变固定频率可有效抑制车轮多边形磨耗.
Abstract:Aiming at the increasingly serious problem of high-order wheel polygonal wear, based on the wheel-rail system rotor dynamics model, wheel-rail contact model and wear depth model, the generation and evolution model of wheel polygonal wear is established. By analyzing the variation of speed and wheel mass eccentricity, the regularity of generation and evolution of wheel polygonal wear are revealed, and the field tracking data are verified. The influence of system parameters on polygonal wear is studied by modal analysis and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the generation and evolution of high order wheel polygonal wear follows the law of “fixed frequency and divisible”. When the fixed frequency of 580 Hz divides wheelset rotation frequency, the wheel wear will evolve into 19th order polygonal, otherwise it will tend to be uniform. This fixed frequency is mainly derived from the 2nd-order bending mode of the wheelset and has the greatest sensitivity to the axle diameter. The fixed frequency of the wheel can be changed by running at constant rotating speed and increasing the axle diameter, which can effectively suppress the polygonal wear of the wheel.
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Key words:
- high-order polygonal /
- wear /
- fixed frequency and divisible /
- sensitivity
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表 1 车轮多边形磨耗参数分析
Table 1. Analysis of wheel polygonal wear parameters
n D/mm ω/(rad·s−1) f2/Hz fx/Hz 20 915 182.1 29.0 580.1 19 875 190.5 30.3 576.3 18 830 200.8 32.0 575.6 表 2 轮轨耦合系统的固有频率
Table 2. Natural frequency of rotor system of wheel set
Hz 不考虑转动效应 考虑转动效应 刚轮柔轨 柔轮刚轨 柔轮柔轨 柔轮柔轨 519.40 567.16 565.42 565.42 559.49 567.19 580.73 580.61 574.77 577.74 583.07 582.97 593.11 578.03 584.48 584.37 605.90 585.43 585.47 585.65 608.93 585.45 586.78 586.94 622.27 748.22 591.33 591.35 648.97 769.92 621.80 621.81 -
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