轨道交通领域新能源再生技术研究现状与展望

吴小平; 张祖涛; 潘亚嘉; 漆令飞; 张庭生; 郝大宁

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210788

轨道交通领域新能源再生技术研究现状与展望

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210788

西南交通大学机械工程学院，四川成都 611756

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51975490）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴小平（1984—），男，讲师，研究方向为重载铁路轨道能量采集及储存，E-mail：wuxiaoping@swjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张祖涛（1974—），男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为机械能采集及其存储技术，E-mail：zzt@swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U239.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-19
- 修回日期: 2022-02-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-17
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-01

Research Status and Prospect of New Energy Regeneration Technology in Rail Transit Field

School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China

摘要

摘要:
近年来，铁路轨道沿线的智能监测设备建设、轨道交通领域的环境新能源再生等新兴技术受到了广泛关注. 新能源再生技术的基本原理是通过捕获环境清洁能源并将获得的能量转化为电能，为各类智能传感器、交通信号装置、监控设备等正常运行提供电能. 目前，轨道交通领域的各种新能源再生技术在国内外已有许多研究成果，包括风能采集、热能采集、太阳能采集、声能采集、制动能采集以及振动能采集. 其中，振动能采集是轨道交通领域受关注程度最高、研究最为深入的一种新能源再生技术，其主要能量采集形式包括电磁式、压电式、摩擦式以及液压式. 通过对研究内容及现状的总结和梳理，归纳了现有技术问题和工程应用挑战：包括稳定性、耐用性、经济性、能量大小、运动放大、可靠性方面. 随着技术的逐渐成熟，新能源再生技术的实际工程应用将促进轨道交通领域的智能化和可持续化发展.
- 轨道交通 /
- 新能源再生 /
- 研究现状 /
- 趋势与展望
Abstract:
In recent years, the construction of intelligent monitoring equipment along railways and the environmental regeneration of new energy in the field of rail transit have attracted extensive attention. The basic principle of new energy regeneration technology is to capture clean environmental energy and convert the obtained energy into electricity to provide electricity for the normal operation of various intelligent sensors, traffic signal devices, and monitoring equipment. Many research achievements in various new energy regeneration technologies have been made in the field of rail transit worldwide, including wind, heat, solar, sound, brake, and vibration energy harvesting. Of these, vibration energy collection is a new energy regeneration technology with the highest degree of relevancy and the most in-depth research in the field of rail transit. The main forms of energy collection include electromagnetic, piezoelectric, friction, and hydraulic. By summarizing and sorting current research results, the existing technical problems and engineering application challenges can be summarized, including stability, durability, economy, energy size, motion amplification, and reliability. With the gradual maturity of such technology, the practical engineering applications of new energy regeneration technologies will promote intelligent and sustainable development in the field of rail transit.
- rail transit /
- energy harvesting /
- research status /
- trend and prospect

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图 1 轨道交通领域新能源再生技术路线

Figure 1. Technical route of new energy regeneration in rail transit field

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图 2 安装在列车车顶的风能收集装置^[23]

Figure 2. Wind energy harvesting device installed on train roof

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图 3 用于采集高速铁路隧道活塞风的风能采集系统^[24]

Figure 3. Wind energy harvesting system for collecting piston wind of high-speed railway tunnel

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图 4 收集地铁隧道风能的电磁压电混合式采集器

Figure 4. Electromagnetic-piezoelectric harvester for collecting wind energy in the subway tunnel

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图 5 应用于机车转向架的热能收集原理

Figure 5. Principle of heat energy collection applied to rolling stock

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图 6 轨道热能采集系统

Figure 6. Track thermal energy harvesting system

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图 7 铁路系统便携式太阳能采集系统

Figure 7. Portable solar energy harvesting system in railroad

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图 8 用于高速铁路的声能收集噪声屏障

Figure 8. Renewable low-frequency acoustic energy harvesting noise barrier for high-speed railways

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图 9 交流铁路变电站再生制动能量收集智能策略

Figure 9. Intelligent strategy for regenerative braking energy harvesting in AC electrical railway substation

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图 10 轨道摩擦纳米发电机模型

Figure 10. Model of nano generator with rail friction

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图 11 轨道液压能量收集系统

Figure 11. Rail hydraulic energy collection system

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图 12 轨道交通新能源再生研究年度发文量

Figure 12. Annual publications of rail energy harvesting research

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图 13 轨道交通能量采集研究关键词共现

Figure 13. Co-occurrence of keywords in energy collection of rail transit

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图 14 2000年—2020年轨道交通能量采集研究英文文献突现词图谱

Figure 14. Atlas of emergent words on energy collection of rail transit study in English literature ( year 2000–2020)

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图 15 轨道新能源再生技术应用

Figure 15. Application of energy harvesting technology in railway system

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表 1 基于电磁转换的RVEH不同结构能量采集对比

Table 1. Energy acquisition comparison of different structures of RVEH based on electromagnetic conversion

研究者	结构形式	频率/ Hz	负载/ Ω	输出电压/V	效率/功率
Zhang 等^[51]	齿条齿轮	1	3	最大值 58.0
Wu 等^[53]	滚珠丝杠	2	3	平均值 4.0	55.40%
Pan 等^[54]	锥齿轮	2	8		26.61 W
Gao 等^[55]	单摆系统			4.7	263 mW
Dotti 等^[56]	单摆系统			4.0	5～6 W

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表 2 部分基于压电式的RVEH不同结构能量采集结果

Table 2. Energy collection results of different structures of RVEH based on piezoelectricity

研究者	结构形式	频率/Hz	负载/kΩ	输出电压/V	输出功率/mW
Mouapi 等^[65]	悬臂式	26.0	11		10.000
Fu 等^[66]	固定式	50.0	1000	4	0.016
Hou 等^[67]	堆叠式	1.8			1.090
Yuan 等^[68]	圆鼓式		4000		0.100

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表 3 前15个轨道交通新能源再生研究高频关键词

Table 3. Top 15 effective keywords on rail energy-related studies

序号	关键词	频次/次
1	energy harvester	80
2	energy harvesting	83
3	performance	23
4	generating electricity	23
5	algorithm	19
6	energy consumption	19
7	vibration energy harvesting	18
8	environmental impact	15
9	circuit	13
10	optimization	12
11	efficiency	12
12	energy storage	12
13	simulation	9
14	electromagnetic	7
15	generator	6

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