Design of Automatic Flotation Separation Structure Based on First-Order Buoyancy of Magnetic Liquids
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摘要:
为了研究在选矿分离过程中实现对非导磁物质进行精密分选的问题，基于磁性液体一阶浮力原理，探讨永磁体作为磁源时，通过改变永磁体与磁性液体的距离从而改变浸没在磁性液体中的非磁性物体的受力情况；设计了自动浮选分离结构模型，其中用于磁源升降的电动剪叉式升降平台的升降行程为100 mm，通过磁源升降给磁性液体提供不同的磁场强度；设计了用于分离非磁性物料的直角坐标机器人和末端执行器，实现对悬浮在不同高度的非磁性物体的打捞分离；利用ANSYS Maxwell软件对设计的模型进行二维和三维仿真，近似计算出非磁性物体所受到的一阶浮力，为升降平台的承重能力设计提供了依据. 仿真计算结果表明：指定非导磁圆柱体在磁性液体中悬浮的高度为距离容器底部60～70 mm处，为浮选分离装置设计提供了理论依据；使用高30 mm、半径80 mm的圆柱形永磁体提供磁场，将非导磁体所受一阶浮力换算为密度，得出了本设计可浮选的非导磁体的密度范围为1.65 × 103～6.66 × 103 kg/m3.
Abstract:To determine the mineral separation process for the non-magnetic material precision sorting problem based on the first-order buoyancy of a magnetic fluid, this study examines the stress of non-magnetic objects immersed in a magnetic fluid by changing the distance between the permanent magnet and the magnetic fluid when the permanent magnet is used as a magnetic source. A structural model of automatic flotation separation is then designed. In the design plan, the lifting stroke of the electric scissor lift platform used for the lifting of the magnetic source was 100 mm; different magnetic field strengths can be provided to the magnetic liquid by lifting the magnetic source. Accordingly, a Cartesian robot and an end effector are designed to separate the non-magnetic materials to salvage and separate non-magnetic objects suspended at different heights. Then, the ANSYS Maxwell software is used to conduct two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations of the design situation. The approximately calculated first-order buoyancy of the non-magnetic objects provides a certain basis for the design of the lifting platform’s load-bearing capacity. The results show that the suspension height of the specified non-magnetic cylinder in the magnetic liquid is 60–70 mm from the bottom of the container according to the simulation data calculation, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of a flotation separation device. A cylindrical permanent magnet with a height of 30 mm and a radius of 80 mm is used to provide the magnetic field. Converting the first-order buoyancy of the non-permeable magnet into density, the density range of the non-permeable magnet that can be floated using this design is approximately 1.65 × 103‒ 6.66 × 103 kg/m3.
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Key words:
- magnetic liquid /
- first order buoyancy /
- magnetic separation /
- structural design
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图 10 非导磁体在磁性液体中悬浮示意
Figure 10. Schematic of non-permeable magnet suspended in magnetic liquid
图 12 磁感应强度云图和磁感线分布
Figure 12. Magnetic induction intensity cloud map and magnetic line distribution map
图 13 二维仿真中一阶浮力与深度的关系
Figure 13. Relationship between first-order buoyancy and depth in 2D
图 15 3D仿真中一阶浮力与深度的关系
Figure 15. Relationship between first-order buoyancy and depth in 3D simulation
表 1 梯形丝杠尺寸参数
Table 1. Trapezoidal screw size parameters
mm 螺纹种类 螺距 p 导程 s 公称直径 d 外螺纹中径 d2 外螺纹小径 d3 内螺纹大径 D4 牙顶间隙 ac 梯形单头螺纹 3 3 16 14.5 12 17 0.5 
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表 2 测距模块电器参数
Table 2. Electrical parameters of the ranging module
参数名 数值 工作电流/mA 15 工作电压 DC5V 最近射程/cm 2 最远射程/m 4 测量角度/（°） 15 输入触发信号 10 μs 的TTL脉冲 输出回响信号 输出TTL电平信号，与测距成正比 规格尺寸 45 mm×20 mm ×15 mm
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表 3 滚珠丝杠设计要求
Table 3. Ball screw design requirements
设计指标 规格 被移动负载的质量/kg 3 丝杠行程 520 负载最大移动速度/（m·s−1） 0.1 加速时间/s 1 重复定位精度/mm 0.1
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表 5 其他仿真参数
Table 5. Other simulation parameters
永磁体
半径/mm永磁体
高度/mm永磁体矫
顽力/（A·m−1）磁性液体
磁导率悬浮
位置/mm80 30 −890000 1.37 70
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表 6 Hp与一阶浮力及视密度的关系
Table 6. Relationship between Hp, first-order buoyancy and apparent density
距离/mm 一阶浮力/N 视密度/（×103 kg·m−3） 2 0.089669 6.66 5 0.051339 4.45 8 0.031368 3.29 11 0.023086 2.81 14 0.015351 2.37 17 0.010354 2.08 20 0.002941 1.65
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