Influence of Flexibility Characteristics of Levitation Chassis on Curve Negotiation Performance of High-Speed Maglev Vehicle
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摘要:
为研究高速磁浮悬浮架小曲线通过动力学性能，考虑高速磁浮悬浮架柔性振动，建立悬浮架有限元模型，并计算其弹性模态，建立高速磁浮整车车辆动力学模型；应用同济大学磁浮试验线线路条件、试验速度曲线及拟合的轨道不平顺，分析了悬浮架柔性振动对悬浮、导向电磁铁间隙、电磁力的影响；同时，建立了刚性悬浮架动力学模型与之对比. 研究结果表明：R400小曲线通过时，电磁铁动力学性能受悬浮架柔性振动的影响较大，两种模型的导向力相差约12.5 kN，悬浮力相差约6.0 kN；通过试验仿真比较，考虑悬浮架柔性的计算结果更接近于实测结果；悬浮架垂向和横向振动的主频分别为10.4 Hz和13.2 Hz，分别与前后悬浮框相对点头、反相摇头模态频率相近；在研究控制参数优化、悬挂参数优化、运行稳定性等高速磁浮关键问题时应考虑悬浮架的柔性振动.
Abstract:In order to investigate the small curve negotiation performance of high-speed maglev trains, the flexible vibration of the levitation chassis is explored, and the finite element model of levitation chassis is established to calculate its elastic modes; then the dynamics model of the high-speed maglev vehicle is built. According to the track conditions, speed curve and fitted track irregularities from Tongji University’s maglev test line, the influence of flexible vibration of levitation chassis is analyzed on the gap and electromagnetic force of guidance and levitation electromagnet. Meanwhile, a dynamics model of a rigid levitation chassis is built for comparison purpose. The results show that the dynamic performance of electromagnet is greatly affected by flexible vibration of the levitation chassis when the negotiating curve has a smaller radius of 400 m. The difference of the guidance force between the two models is about 12.5 kN, while the difference of the levitation force is 6.0 kN or so. The comparison with the simulation demonstrates that the results from the model of the levitation chassis flexibility is more close to the test results. The main frequencies of the vertical and lateral levitation chassis vibration are 10.4 Hz and 13.2 Hz respectively, which are similar to modal frequencies of relative pitching and anti-phase yawing between the front and rear levitation frame. The flexibility of levitation chassis should be taken into account in the key issues of high-speed maglev trains, such as control parameter optimization, suspension parameter optimization, and running stability.
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Key words:
- maglev vehicle /
- curve negotiation /
- levitation chassis /
- flexible vibration /
- electromagnet
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图 14 悬浮架振动时域和频域图
Figure 14. Levitation chassis vibration in time and frequency domains
表 1 高速磁浮整车动力学主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters in dynamics of high-speed maglev vehicles
部件 物理量 数值 悬浮电磁铁 质量/kg 600 侧滚转动惯量/（kg·m2） 1.5 点头转动惯量/（kg·m2） 479.8 摇头转动惯量/（kg·m2） 480.7 导向电磁铁 质量/kg 390 侧滚转动惯量/（kg·m2） 3.1 点头转动惯量/（kg·m2） 0.3 × 103 摇头转动惯量/（kg·m2） 0.3 × 103 悬浮架 质量/kg 1.7 × 103 侧滚转动惯量/（kg·m2） 3.5 × 103 点头转动惯量/（kg·m2） 4.4 × 103 摇头转动惯量/（kg·m2） 7.4 × 103 车体 质量/kg 3.0 × 104 侧滚转动惯量/（kg·m2） 5.7 × 104 点头转动惯量/（kg·m2） 1.6 × 106 摇头转动惯量/（kg·m2） 1.6 × 106 悬浮电磁铁安装刚度 纵向/（N·m−1） 1.0 × 107 横向/（N·m−1） 4.8 × 105 垂向/（N·m−1） 1.2 × 107 侧滚刚度/（N·m·rad−1） 1.0 × 107 点头刚度/（N·m·rad−1） 1.0 × 107 摇头刚度/（N·m·rad−1） 1.6 × 103 导向电磁铁安装刚度 纵向/（N·m−1） 4.3 × 107 横向/（N·m−1） 2.5 × 105 垂向/（N·m−1） 4.4 × 107 侧滚刚度/（N·m·rad−1） 1.0 × 106 点头刚度/（N·m·rad−1） 1.0 × 106 摇头刚度/（N·m·rad−1） 1.0 × 106 空气弹簧 垂向刚度/（N·m−1） 2.0 × 105 横向刚度/（N·m−1） 1.1 × 105 辅助弹簧 横向刚度/（N·m−1） 3.0 × 105 限位弹簧 横向刚度/（N·m−1） 5.0 × 105 摆杆 垂向刚度/（N·m−1） 2.0 × 105 侧滚刚度/（N·m·rad−1） 1.0 × 104 
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表 2 同济大学高速磁浮试验线主要参数表
Table 2. Main parameters about Tongji University’s maglev test line
区间 长度/m 横坡角/（°） 曲线半径/m 坡度/‰ 直线 1 234 0 ∞ 0 曲线 1 443 3 400 0 曲线 2 340 2 1300 0 直线 2 550 0 ∞ 11.2
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