Control Method for Active Power in Electric-Hydrogen Hybrid Energy-Storage Microgrids
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摘要:
在多电-氢微电网并联运行的交流系统中，采用传统控制方法的逆变器会受到输出线路阻抗差异所产生的影响产生较大环流，甚至无法实现有功功率的合理分配，考虑到系统中电压偏差与有功功率间的关系，对多微电网的有功功率分配问题进行分析研究. 首先，构建含光伏、燃料电池、电解槽、蓄电池的电-氢混合储能微电网交流系统模型；其次，根据反下垂控制中有功功率与电压间的关系，构造考虑电压偏差的反下垂控制，并为使额定有功功率自适应调节，提出基于功率跟随控制的反下垂控制方法；最后，在多电-氢微电网并联运行的系统中，对本文所提方法进行RT-LAB半实物实验验证及与其他方法的对比验证. 实验结果显示：基于本文所提控制方法的系统稳定后功率分配的准确度达97.50%，母线电压的精准度达99.86%，环流大小的范围约为[−3.0, 3.0] A，均优于其余方法.
Abstract:In an AC system with parallel operation of electricity-hydrogen micro-grids, when adopting traditional control methods, the difference in output line impedance will affect inverters, and large circulating currents occurs such that a reasonable distribution of active power become inaccessible. Given the relationship between the voltage deviation and the active power, the active power distribution between multiple micro-grids is analyzed. Firstly, the AC system model of the electric-hydrogen hybrid energy-storage micro-grid is constructed, including photovoltaic, battery, fuel cell, and electrolyzer. Secondly, following the relationship between the active power and the voltage in the reverse droop control, a reverse droop control based on power following control is proposed to work out voltage deviation and auto-adjust the rated active power. Finally, within a parallel operation of electric-hydrogen micro-grids, the proposed method is compared with other methods and is verified by hardware-in-the-loop experiments on the platform of RT-LAB. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods: the accuracy of power distribution after stabilization is 97.50%, the accuracy of the bus voltage is 99.86%, and the circulating current mostly ranges in [−3.0, 3.0] A.
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Key words:
- electric-hydrogen microgrid /
- hybrid energy storage /
- power control
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图 5 基于功率跟随控制的反下垂控制框图
Figure 5. Block diagram of reverse droop control based on power following control
图 6 基于功率跟随控制的反下垂控制频谱响应特性
Figure 6. Spectrum response characteristics of reverse droop control based on power following control
图 9 基于电压恢复机制的反下垂控制方法实验结果
Figure 9. Experimental results of reverse droop control based on voltage recovery mechanism
表 1 系统参数
Table 1. System parameters
参数 取值 逆变器 1 线路阻抗 Zline_1/Ω 0.642 + j0.083 逆变器 2 线路阻抗 Zline_2/Ω 0.963 + j0.124 5 逆变器 3 线路阻抗 Zline_3/Ω 1.284 + j0.166 滤波电感/MH 5 滤波电容/MF 0.5 额定电压/V 220 额定无功功率/kvar 5 逆变器容量比例 1∶1∶1 
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表 2 元件参数
Table 2. Component parameters
元件 参数 数值 光伏阵列 环境温度/℃ 25 燃料电池 额定功率/W 2000 额定电压/V 24 电解槽 额定功率/W 2000 储氢罐 最大容许压强/MPa 35 体积/L 1 初始容量/% 50 蓄电池 最大充放电功率/W 4000 容量/（A·h） 40 额定电压/V 500 初始荷电状态/% 50
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