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基于能值分析的光伏电站选址方法

陈思源 张玉坤 张倩宁 郑婕

陈思源, 张玉坤, 张倩宁, 郑婕. 基于能值分析的光伏电站选址方法[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2024, 59(2): 447-455, 476. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210368
引用本文: 陈思源, 张玉坤, 张倩宁, 郑婕. 基于能值分析的光伏电站选址方法[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2024, 59(2): 447-455, 476. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210368
CHEN Siyuan, ZHANG Yukun, ZHANG Qianning, ZHENG Jie. Emergy Analysis Based Method for Site Selection of Photovoltaic Plants[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2024, 59(2): 447-455, 476. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210368
Citation: CHEN Siyuan, ZHANG Yukun, ZHANG Qianning, ZHENG Jie. Emergy Analysis Based Method for Site Selection of Photovoltaic Plants[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2024, 59(2): 447-455, 476. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210368

基于能值分析的光伏电站选址方法

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210368
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51978443,52108025,52078322)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈思源(1987—),男,博士研究生,研究方向为光伏利用与城市空间规划,E-mail:miracle1987@126.com

    通讯作者:

    郑婕(1984—),女,副研究员,博士,研究方向为生产性城市,E-mail:tjuzhengjie@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TK519

Emergy Analysis Based Method for Site Selection of Photovoltaic Plants

  • 摘要:

    为合理指导光伏电站的有序规划及可持续开发,提出一种以能值分析为基础的光伏电站选址及生态经济收益评估方法. 通过能值分析与地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析相结合,对内蒙古12个盟市地区光伏发电可利用土地生态经济收益情况做出分析. 分析结果表明:呼和浩特、包头等内蒙古中西部城镇密集地区体现出更为优异的可开发价值,而经过对比发现由输电距离所导致的输电损失占据了各项能值投入中的决定性比重;此外,对于绝大部分可利用地块而言,与城镇或建成环境越近,其生态经济收益也相对越高,而在能源结构转型的过程中,光伏土地占用与不断扩张的城市建设用地需求,或将成为未来城市规划与光伏能源规划所面临的首要矛盾.

     

  • 图 1  光伏发电能量系统边界示意

    Figure 1.  Energy system boundary of photoroltaic (PV) power generation

    图 2  不同研究中光伏选址决策权重对比

    Figure 2.  Comparison of decision weights in PV site selection in different studies

    图 3  呼和浩特市2020年—2050年光伏用地发展预测

    Figure 3.  Prospect of PV land development in Hohhot from 2020 to 2050

    表  1  本文估量化方法

    Table  1.   Methods for evaluation used in this study

    量化类项量化公式或取值方法
    年电力能值产出/(sej·年−1${ {E} }_{ {{\rm{t}}} }={E}{ {V} }_{ {{\rm{e}}} }$
    光伏阵列间距/mmD,文献[36]
    光伏安装面积/m2${ {S}={A} }_{ {{\rm{pi}}} }{L}/{D}$
    光伏装机容量/W${ {C}={C} }_{ {{\rm{p}}} }{S}/{ {A} }_{ {{\rm{p}}} }$
    年光伏发电量/(kW·h)${E}={S}{ {G} }_{ {{\rm{ti}}} }{j}{K}$
    电站第 i 项物质投入/(g·m−2Mi,据文献[20]折算
    i 项物质能值转换率/
    (sej·g−1
    Vi
    电站建设能值投入/
    (sej·年−1
    ${ {E} }_{ { {\rm{s} } } }={S}(1.02{ {\displaystyle\sum } }_{ {i}=1}^{ {n} }{ {M} }_{ {i} }{ {V} }_{ {i} } + { {C} }_{ { {\rm{L} } } }{ {V} }_{ { {\rm{L} } } })$
    道路建设能值投入/sej${ { {E} }_{ {{\rm{rc}}} }={D} }_{ {{\rm{r}}} }{ {V} }_{ {{\rm{rc}}} }$
    运输能值投入/sej${ {E} }_{ {{\rm{rt}}} }=2{ {D} }_{ {{\rm{r}}} }[{C}/({ {C} }_{ {{\rm{P}}} }{ {F} }_{ {{\rm{v}}} }\left)\right]{ {Q} }_{ {{\rm{s}}} }{ {\rho } }_{ {{\rm{f}}} }{ {V} }_{ {{\rm{f}}} }$
    道路及运输能值投入/sej${ { {E} }_{ {{\rm{r}}} }={E} }_{ {{\rm{rc}}} } + { {E} }_{ {{\rm{rt}}} }$
    导线截面面积/mm2${a}={I}/{ {J} }_{ {{\rm{ec}}} }$
    电站年均有功功率/(kW·年−1$ {P}={E}/{T} $
    输电线路线电流/A${I}={P}/(\sqrt{3}{U{\rm{cos}}}\;{\phi }{})$
    导线电阻/Ω${R}={r}{ {D} }_{ {{\rm{t}}} }/{a}$
    输电线路热损失/kW$ {Q}=3{{I}}^{2}{R} $
    升压变电热损失/kW${ { {P} }_{0}={\eta } }_{0}({P}-{Q})/{{\rm{cos}}}\;{\phi }$
    输电线路能值投入/sej${ { {E} }_{ {{\rm{gc}}} }={D} }_{ {{\rm{t}}} }({ {\rho } }_{ {{\rm{cu}}} }{a}{ {V} }_{ {{\rm{ca}}} } + { {M} }_{ {{\rm{po}}} }{ {V} }_{ {{\rm{po}}} })$
    年输电损失能值折算/
    (sej·年−1
    ${ {E} }_{ {{\rm{q}}} }={E}\left[\right({Q} + { {P} }_{0})/{P} + { {\eta } }_{ {{\rm{n}}} }]{ {V} }_{ {{\rm{e}}} }$
    土地占用能值投入/sej$ {{{E}}_{{{\rm{l}}}}={A}}_{{{\rm{pi}}}}{{L}}_{{{\rm{ci}}}}{{V}}_{{{\rm{c}}}} $
    年固碳量/(tC·m−2·年−1Lci,依据文献[22-23]折算
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  本文能值转换率取值

    Table  2.   Unit emergy values used in this study

    能值类项能值转换率来源
    火力发电/(sej·(kW·h)−1)1.03×1012文献[20]
    铝/(sej·g−12.15×1010文献[30]
    玻璃/(sej·g−13.20×109 文献[31]
    硅/(sej·g−11.39×1010文献[20]
    铜/(sej·g−12.30×1011文献[30]
    粉尘/(sej·g−11.23×1011文献[20]
    钢/(sej·g−12.12×109 文献[30]
    石灰石/(sej·g−15.26×108 文献[32]
    废气/(sej·g−11.15×1014文献[12]
    盐酸/(sej·g−12.14×108 文献[33]
    货币/(sej·€−11.02×1012文献[34]
    道路建设/(sej·km−12.92×1018文献[25]
    柴油/(sej·kg−13.52×1012文献[32]
    电缆(铜)/(sej·kg−16.79×1010文献[25]
    电杆(钢)/(sej·kg−16.72×1012文献[25]
    固碳/(sej·tC−14.96×1014文献[35]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  各盟市光伏用地概况及2050年发展预测

    Table  3.   PV land survey and 2050 prospect of each league city

    盟市土地面积统计/km22050 年用电量预测/
    (×109 kW·h)
    2050 年光伏用地面积/km2
    分区
    面积
    可开发
    土地
    呼和浩特55797159293318.1593.4
    包头450612810110451.01872.2
    呼伦贝尔23643117741880.2206.5
    兴安盟9790420164598.3125.3
    通辽6274977843478.7729.9
    赤峰5825050612218.0449.4
    锡林郭勒170328373321800.4353.2
    乌兰察布51026141896441.61247.6
    鄂尔多斯37530166019625.41802.6
    巴彦淖尔83092294581658.2238.2
    乌海48620174114933.4987.4
    阿拉善199674138741833.9321.0
    总计114646222364547237.28926.7
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  光伏度电能值构成及同火力发电对比

    Table  4.   Emergy composition per unit PV power generation and comparison with thermal power

    EROI度电能值构成/(sej·(kW·h)−1光伏度电能值/
    (sej·(kW·h)−1
    占同等火力
    发电比例/%
    电站建设土地占用道路/运输新增输电线路输电线损
    1.006.40×10112.14×1093.84×10112.94×1092.21×10111.25×1012100.0
    1.006.76×10111.75×1093.49×10113.43×1092.68×10111.30×1012100.0
    1.206.63×10116.55×1081.57×10111.12×1092.44×10111.07×101279.8
    1.206.89×10118.05×1081.13×10112.39×1093.52×10111.16×101278.1
    1.406.49×10119.12×1081.82×10101.54×1092.44×10119.13×101165.0
    1.406.17×10115.87×1084.69×10101.10×1092.56×10119.22×101164.7
    1.605.68×10114.78×1081.91×10102.51×1081.57×10117.44×101157.0
    1.605.66×10115.22×1082.08×10102.73×1081.57×10117.44×101157.0
    1.735.42×10111.50×10803.75×1071.27×10116.69×101152.6
    平均值6.41×10117.06×1086.00×10101.48×1092.60×10119.63×101168.3
    注:数据为基于本文评估结果的抽样数据示意,平均值统计包含全部EROI大于1.00地块.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-05-07
  • 修回日期:  2021-11-01
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-11-17
  • 刊出日期:  2021-11-18

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