Optimal Schedule of Combined Heat-Power Microgrid Based on Hydrogen Energy Storage
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摘要:
针对质子交换膜燃料电池和电解槽的热电联供特性，为避免氢能系统的热能浪费并进一步提高氢能系统的效率，搭建了一种考虑氢能系统的热电联供型光伏/风机/燃料电池/蓄电池/电锅炉/燃气锅炉微电网系统，提出一种包括日前调度与实时优化的两阶段优化调度方法. 所建系统考虑了电氢转换时的余热回收，将氢能系统作为热电氢耦合设备，实现了电、热、氢能的协调利用与相互转换，有效提高了能量利用率. 在第一阶段调度中，根据日前的风光发电出力及负荷需求预测，以微电网整体运行成本最小为目标，采用混合整数线性规划方法实现日前最优全局调度；在第二阶段调度中，根据超短期预测结果，使用模型预测控制嵌入混合整数二次规划算法，减小预测误差带来的经济性影响. 最后，通过冬、夏及过渡季典型日算例可知，本文所提出的两阶段调度方法在3种季节典型日的总成本较日前全局最优调度分别降低了3.24%、0.76%、1.66%；通过在不同场景下对本文所提方法进行仿真验证，相较于不考虑能量耦合的基础场景，考虑热电耦合系统和热电氢耦合系统时，优化调度的总成本和污染气体治理成本分别降低了15.58%、24.93%. 结果表明：本文所提方法具有一定的实时性及通用性，能够满足微网内热电负荷需求，实现稳定独立运行，改善系统的运行经济性与环保性.
Abstract:According to the cogeneration characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell and electrolyzer, in order to avoid the waste of heat energy in the hydrogen energy system and further improve the system efficiency, a combined heat
– power microgrid system for photovoltaic, wind turbines, fuel cells, batteries, electric boilers, and gas boilers is built by incorporating hydrogen energy system, and a two-stage optimal dispathing method is proposed, including day-ahead scheduling and real-time optimization. The proposed system takes into account the waste heat recovery during the electricity-to-hydrogen conversion, and uses the hydrogen energy system as a thermal-electricity-hydrogen coupling equipment to realize the coordinated utilization and mutual conversion of electricity, heat, and hydrogen energy, and effectively improves the energy utilization rate. In the first stage of scheduling, according to the forecast of the wind-solar power system output and load demand in the day before, the mixed integer linear programming method is used to achieve the day-ahead optimal global schedule with the goal of minimizing the total operation cost of the microgrid. In the second stage of scheduling, based on the results of ultra-short-term predictions, the mixed integer quadratic programming algorithm is embedded in the model predictive control to lessen the economic influence from the prediction errors. Finally, through calculation examples of typical days in winter, summer and transitional seasons, compared with the day-ahead global optimal scheduling, the total cost of the two-stage scheduling method is reduced by 3.24%, 0.76% and 1.66%, respectively, in three types of seasonal days. Through the proposed method are simulated and verified in different scenarios, compared with the basic scenario without energy coupling, in the cases of involving the thermoelectric hydrogen coupling system and thermoelectric coupling system, the total cost and cost of pollution gas treatment with optimal scheduling are reduced by 15.58% and 24.93% respectively. The results show that the proposed method has a real-time and universal quality, which can meet the thermal and electrical load demand in the microgrid, realize stable and independent operation, and improve the system economy and environmental protection.-
Key words:
- hydrogen energy /
- combined heat-power microgrid /
- optimal scheduling
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图 1 热电氢联供型微电网系统结构
Figure 1. Structure of combined heat-power-hydrogen microgrid system
表 1 日前优化成本和日内优化成本
Table 1. Day-ahead and real-time optimized cost
元 成本项目 冬季典型日 夏季典型日 过渡季典型日 调度
成本优化
成本调度
成本优化
成本调度
成本优化
成本运维 436.78 435.00 226.02 221.54 317.08 312.65 燃料 623.59 597.28 162.67 164.51 504.94 496.62 污染气体治理 169.67 157.87 44.21 43.58 136.82 133.69 总成本 1230.04 1190.15 432.90 429.63 958.85 942.96 
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表 2 微电网各能量占比
Table 2. Energy proportion in microgrid
% 季节 电能 热能 总能量利用率 冬季 71.97 28.03 89.43 夏季 76.13 23.87 91.16 过渡季 63.87 36.13 93.13
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表 3 不同场景下的调度成本
Table 3. Scheduling cost in different scenarios
元 场景 运维成本 燃料成本 污染气体
治理成本总成本 1 235.58 214.81 58.53 508.92 2 198.76 200.47 56.14 455.37 3 229.61 160.33 44.83 434.37 4 221.54 164.51 43.58 429.63
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表 4 优化调度的计算时间
Table 4. Calculation time for optimal scheduling
s 计算时间 冬季典型日 夏季典型日 过渡季典型日 调度 5.59 6.37 6.15 优化 87.76 85.56 86.92 总时间 93.36 91.93 93.08
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表 5 不同权重系数下的优化成本
Table 5. Optimal cost under different weight coefficients
季节 组编号 λ1 λ2 λ3 λ4 λ5 λ6 λ7 运维成本/元 燃料成本/元 污染气体治理成本/元 总成本/元 冬季 1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.21 0.2 0.3 0.1 435.00 597.28 157.87 1190.15 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 438.33 602.02 158.66 1199.00 3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 439.09 595.60 157.64 1192.33 4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 438.73 597.92 158.09 1194.74 5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.21 0.2 0.2 0.2 438.94 597.63 157.96 1194.53 夏季 1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.21 0.2 0.3 0.1 221.54 164.51 43.58 429.63 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 222.67 165.18 44.28 432.12 3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 222.31 165.36 44.25 431.92 4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 222.43 165.26 44.24 431.94 5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.21 0.2 0.2 0.2 222.77 164.99 44.45 432.21 过渡季 1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.21 0.2 0.3 0.1 312.65 496.62 133.69 942.96 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 314.01 496.54 134.21 944.76 3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 313.56 496.02 134.02 943.59 4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 313.69 496.16 134.07 943.91 5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.21 0.2 0.2 0.2 313.58 496.77 134.22 944.57
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