Rail Friction Self-Excited Vibration in Braking Section of High-Speed Railway
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摘要:
为了探究高速铁路制动区间的典型钢轨波磨现象，基于轮轨摩擦自激振动诱导钢轨波磨的观点展开了研究，通过武广高速铁路制动区段的现场调研，掌握该区段的波磨特征并采集相应的轨道不平顺；基于轮轨摩擦自激振动诱导钢轨波磨的观点分别建立制动区段高速列车的动/拖车轮对-轨道-制动系统的有限元模型，并利用复特征值法进行动/拖车轮轨系统的摩擦自激振动分析，比较动/拖车轮轨系统在制动和非制动工况下系统发生摩擦自激振动的可能性，以及在制动工况下动车轮轨和拖车轮轨系统的摩擦自激振动情况；使用控制变量法研究了制动系统摩擦系数和扣件垂向刚度对动/拖车轮轨系统摩擦自激振动的影响规律. 研究结果表明：制动工况更容易引起系统的摩擦自激振动；拖车轮轨系统更容易引起系统摩擦自激振动；控制制动装置摩擦系数约为0.30，扣件垂向刚度约为50 MN/m时能一定程度降低轮轨系统发生摩擦自激振动的可能性，进而抑制钢轨波磨的产生.
Abstract:This study investigates the typical rail corrugation phenomenon in the braking section of high-speed railways from the viewpoint that the self-excited vibration of wheel-rail friction induces rail corrugation. The corrugation characteristics of a braking section are first mastered and corresponding track irregularities are collected in a field investigation of the Wuhan Guangzhou high-speed railway. Then, from the viewpoint of the rail corrugation induced by the self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail friction, finite element models of the power/trailer wheelset-track-braking system of a high-speed train in the braking section are established. The friction self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system of the power/trailer is analyzed using the complex eigenvalue method. The possibility of friction self-excited vibrations of the wheel-rail system of the power/trailer is compared under braking and non-braking conditions. The friction self-excited vibrations of the wheel-rail system of the power and trailer under braking conditions are then analyzed. Finally, the effects of the friction coefficient and fastener vertical stiffness on the friction self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system are studied adopting the control variable method. The comparison between braking and non-braking conditions reveals that the braking condition is more likely to cause the friction self-excited vibrations of the system. Compared with the power/trailer wheel-rail system, the trailer wheel-rail system is more likely to cause the friction self-excited vibration of the system. It is concluded from parametric analysis that when the friction coefficient of the brake device is approximately 0.3 and the vertical stiffness of the fastener is approximately 50 MN·m−1, the possibility of the friction self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system can be reduced to a certain extent, resulting in the suppression of rail corrugation.
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图 3 动/拖车轮对-轨道-制动系统的接触模型
Figure 3. Contact models of wheelset-track-braking system of power/trailer
图 4 动/拖车轮对-轨道-制动系统的有限元模型
Figure 4. Finite element models of wheelset-track-braking system of power/trailer
图 6 动/拖车轮轨系统摩擦自激振动频率分布
Figure 6. Frequency distribution of friction self-excited vibration of wheel/rail system of power/trailer
图 7 制动参数变化对动车轮轨系统的影响
Figure 7. Influence of braking parameters variation on wheel/rail system of power
图 8 制动参数变化对拖车轮轨系统的影响
Figure 8. Influence of braking parameters variation on wheel/rail system of trailer
图 9 扣件参数变化对动/拖车轮轨系统的影响
Figure 9. Influence of fastener parameters variation on wheel/rail system of power/trailer
表 1 部件材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of components
部件 密度/（kg•m−3） 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 轮对 7800 210000 0.3 钢轨 7800 205900 制动闸片 2500 8100 制动托 5600 100000 制动杠杆 7000 190000 轮盘/轴盘 7300 207000 
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