Numerical Modeling of Dynamic Temperature Field for Air-Cooling Traction Transformers with Forced Oil Circulation
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摘要:
牵引变压器散热涉及冷却油与绕组的共轭传热和热油在油冷却器的二次散热. 为准确模拟其温度场随时间和空间的变化规律，在一维假设基础上，建立了牵引变压器（含绕组和冷却油）和油冷却器的分布参数模型，并与油泵和管道等集中参数模型耦合，建立了牵引变压器动态温度场数学模型，同时提出了一套数值求解算法；对一台牵引变压器及其散热系统进行动态温升实验，以此检验了模型预测精度. 研究结果表明：模型预测的牵引变压器冷却油温过渡时间（58 min）与实验值（61 min）吻合良好，稳定工作的冷却油和绕组温度与实验值的偏差分别为1.3 ℃和2.5 ℃，可以用于指导牵引变压器散热系统的工程设计及优化.
Abstract:The thermal dissipation of traction transformers is involved in the conjugate heat transfer between the cooling oil and windings along with the secondary heat release of the heated oil delivered to an oil cooler. To simulate the temporal and spatial temperature variations of traction transformers accurately, the distributed parameter models of traction transformer (including windings and oil) and oil cooler are set up based on the one-dimensional assumption, respectively. The two models are integrated with the lumped parameter ones of oil pump and pipelines. A mathematical model of dynamic temperature field is obtained for the traction transformers. Besides, an iteration algorithm is proposed for the numerical solution. For model validation, a temperature rise experiment is performed on a traction transformer and its cooling system. The results show that the transition time for a stable transformer oil temperature obtained by current model (58 min) meets well with experimental measurement (61 min). The predicted average temperatures of oil and windings under the stable running condition take the discrepancies of 1.3 ℃ and 2.5 ℃ against experimental counterparts, respectively. The current work can be used for the optimal design of traction transformers.
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图 1 强迫油循环风冷变压器散热示意
Figure 1. Heat dissipation for air-cooling transformer with forced oil circulation
图 2 高、低压绕组和油流道结构示意
Figure 2. High- and low-voltage windings together with oil channels
图 3 强迫油循环风冷式变压器散热数值计算流程
Figure 3. Flow chart for heat dissipation of air-cooling transformer with forced oil circulation
图 4 牵引变压器温升实验台
Figure 4. Experimental rig for temperature rise of traction transformer
图 5 变压器油和绕组温度模型预测值与计算值对比
Figure 5. Comparisons of oil and winding temperatures of current model against experimental counterparts
图 6 变压器内高、低压绕组和油轴向温度分布
Figure 6. Axial temperature profiles of high-and low-voltage windings and oils
表 1 油和绕组稳态温度预测值与实验值的对比
Table 1. Comparison of oil and winding temperatures of current model against experimental counterparts
参数 进口油温/℃ 出口油温/℃ 稳定时间/min 高压绕组温度/℃ 低压绕组温度/℃ 模型预测值 68.5 73.9 58 81.4 92.7 实验值 66.7 73.2 61 78.9 92.1 偏差 1.8 0.7 −3 2.5 0.6 
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