Power Distribution Method of Multi-Stack Fuel Cell System Based on Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Square
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摘要:
为减小多堆燃料电池系统 （multi-stack fuel cell system, MFCS）中单体燃料电池运行期间输出功率的大范围变化，提高MFCS平均效率，以保证各燃料电池长期稳定运行，针对大功率质子交换膜燃料电池 （proton exchange membrane fuel cell，PEMFC）系统，提出了一种基于遗忘因子递推最小二乘 （forgetting factor recursive least square，FFRLS）在线辨识地改进链式功率分配方法. 该方法利用FFRLS算法的实时在线辨识能力估算运行中的每个燃料电池最大效率范围 （maximum efficiency range，MER），并将其边界值作为约束参考值实时更新链式功率的限定区间；然后，依据负载需求功率变化和各燃料电池效率高低顺序分配各电堆出力；最后，在搭建的RT-LAB半实物平台上进行试验分析. 试验结果表明：与平均功率分配和传统链式功率分配方法相比，本文所提方法对MFCS效率分别提高了0.93%和1.95%.
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关键词:
- 多堆燃料电池系统 /
- 遗忘因子递推最小二乘 /
- 最大效率范围 /
- 改进链式功率分配 /
- 半实物平台
Abstract:In order to reduce the large-scale variation in the output power of the single fuel cell during the operation of the multi-stack fuel cell system (MFCS), improve the average efficiency of the MFCS and ensure the long-term stable operation of each fuel cell, based on the forgetting factor recursive least squares (FFRLS), an improved chain power distribution method with online identification is proposed for the high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. This method uses the real-time online identification capability of the FFRLS algorithm to estimate the maximum efficiency range (MER) of each fuel cell in operation, and uses its boundary value as the constraint reference value to update the limited range of chain power in real time. Then the output of each stack is distributed according to the load demand power change and the order of fuel cell efficiency. Finally, on the semi-physical platform RT-LAB, compared with the average and traditional chain power distribution methods, the proposed method improves the efficiency of MFCS by 0.93% and 1.95% respectively.
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图 1 多堆燃料电池系统结构
PWM—pulse width modulation
Figure 1. Multi-stack fuel cell system structure
图 7 平均功率分配的多堆燃料电池系统效率
Figure 7. Efficiency of multi-stack fuel cell system for average power distribution
图 9 传统链式功率的多堆燃料电池系统效率
Figure 9. Efficiency of multi-stack fuel cell system for traditional chain power distribution
图 11 基于在线辨识的改进链式功率分配方法
Figure 11. Improved chain power distribution method based on online identification
图 12 多堆燃料电池系统效率
Figure 12. Efficiency of multi-stack fuel cell system for Improved chain power distribution
表 1 PEMFC电堆参数
Table 1. PEMFC stack parameters
参数 取值 额定功率/kW 110 额定电流/A 238 电压范围/V 480 ~ 660 氢气压力/MPa 0.8 冷却液温度/℃ 50 ~ 75 
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表 2 3种功率分配方法下MFCS效率变化
Table 2. Changes in MFCS efficiency under three power distribution methods
% 分配方法 平均效率 最大效率 最小效率 改进链式 49.91 52.43 45.82 平均 48.98 52.56 43.76 传统链式 47.96 50.12 45.91
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