Multi-Stack Adaptive Power Allocation Method Considering Fuel Cell Aging
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摘要:
为延长多堆燃料电池系统（multi-stack fuel cell system，MFCS）使用寿命，保证运行过程中各电堆总体退化性能逐渐趋于一致，针对大功率质子交换膜燃料电池（proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC）系统，提出了一种考虑电堆老化的MFCS自适应功率分配方法. 在MFCS运行过程中，由于燃料电池输出功率会随不同运行条件而动态变化，导致每个电堆老化程度通常不一致，因此提出量化指标电压退化程度（voltage degradation degree，VDD）来表征燃料电池在运行过程中电堆的老化程度；还采用燃料电池半经验模型来模拟老化对电堆性能的影响；最后，通过RT-LAB搭建硬件在环（hardware-in-the-loop，HIL）测试平台，与原有的功率分配方法做比较. 结果表明：该方法能协调各燃料电池出力，减缓电堆老化速率；相较于平均功率分配方法和链式功率分配方法在MFCS的氢耗量上分别降低了13.59%和8.04%.
Abstract:In order to extend the service life of the multi-stack fuel cell system (MFCS) and ensure that the overall degradation performance of each stack during operation gradually tends to be consistent, an MFCS adaptive power allocation method is proposed for the high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, which can take into account the aging of the stack. During the MFCS operation, the fuel cell output power dynamically changes according to different operating conditions, which causes the aging degree of each stack to be generally inconsistent. Therefore, the voltage degradation degree (VDD) is introduced to characterize the aging degree of the fuel cell stack during operation. In addition, a semi-empirical fuel cell model is also used to simulate the effect of aging on stack performance. Finally, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test platform is built on RT-LAB. The proposed method is compared with the average and chain power allocation methods. The results show that the proposed method can coordinate the output of each fuel cell to slow down the aging rate of the stack, and reduce the hydrogen consumption of MFCS by 13.59% and 8.04% respectively.
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图 3 实测极化曲线和模型仿真曲线对比
Figure 3. Comparison of measured polarization curve and model simulation curve
图 4 PEMFC测试前到测试结束后的极化曲线
Figure 4. Polarization curves of PEMFC stack before and after testing
图 9 平均功率分配下各电堆单片VDD
Figure 9. Single-chip voltage degradation degree of each stack for average power allocation
图 11 链式功率分配下各电堆单片VDD
Figure 11. Single-chip voltage degradation degree of each stack for chain power allocation
图 13 自适应功率分配下各电堆单片VDD
Figure 13. Single-chip voltage degradation degree of each stack for adaptive power allocation
表 1 PEMFC参数
Table 1. PEMFC parameters
参数 额定功率/kW 电压范
围/V额定电流/A 电池单
体数/个氢气压力/MPa 冷却液
温度/℃取值 110 480 ~ 660 238 670 0.8 50 ~ 75 
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表 3 3种分配方法VDD比较
Table 3. Comparison of VDD of three allocation methods
μV 电堆 自适应分配 链式分配 平均分配 FC1 0.93 1.09 0.95 FC2 0.90 0.91 0.95 FC3 0.85 0.81 0.95
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表 4 3种分配方法的氢耗比较
Table 4. Comparison of hydrogen consumption of three allocation methods
g 功率分配方法 自适应 链式 平均 氢耗量 850.89 911.51 984.78
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