Optimization Design of Interface Layout of High-Speed Railway Control Console Based on Attention Distribution
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摘要:
为了研究驾驶员在高铁操纵台界面的注意力分配情况，以达到优化高铁操纵台界面布局设计的目的，采用CRH380D列车仿真平台，通过模拟驾驶实验的形式测定成都机务段动车运用车间14名驾驶员的注意力分配情况. 首先，将驾驶员的值乘过程分为发车准备、正线行驶、停车制动3个任务；其次，从视觉层、行为层、心理层3个维度出发，分别采集被试在3个任务中的眼动数据、操作轨迹、NASA-TLX量表主观工作负荷；最后，结合与被试的深度访谈，得出驾驶员对CRH380D列车操纵台界面的注意力分配情况. 研究结果表明：在CRH380D列车操纵台目前的界面布局设计中，驾驶员在执行驾驶任务时注意力分配最高的为ATP，其次为TCMS1；水平操纵面上21个开关按钮中，占用注意力较多的为开车门、停放制动和升弓、降弓按钮；眼动轨迹图与操作轨迹图比较复杂，驾驶员的主观工作负荷相对较高；根据实验结果总结出高铁操纵台界面布局设计的4条原则及一些相应的设计建议，并以CRH380D列车为例，得出其操纵台界面布局优化设计方案.
Abstract:In order to study the drivers’ attention allocation on the interface of high-speed railway control console, and finally achieve the purpose of optimizing the interface layout design of high-speed railway control console, the CRH380D train simulation platform was adopted, and the attention allocation of 14 drivers in the Chengdu locomotive depot high-speed train application workshop was measured by simulated driving experiment. Firstly, the driver’s on duty process was divided into three tasks: departure preparation, main line driving, and parking braking. Secondly, eye movement data, operation trajectory, and NASA-TLX subjective workload of the tested subjects in the three tasks were collected from the visual, behavioral, and psychological layers respectively. Finally, combined with the in-depth interview with the tested subjects, the attention allocation of the drivers to the CRH380D train control console interface was obtained. The results show that, in the current interface layout design of CRH380D train control console, ATP is the highest concentration distribution, followed by TCMS1. Among the 21 switch buttons on the horizontal control surface, the ones that attract more attention are the driving door, the parking brake, and the lifting/lowering buttons. Driver’s eye movement trajectory map and operation trajectory map are more complex, and driver's subjective workload is relatively high. According to the experimental results, four principles of interface layout design for high-speed railway control console and some corresponding design suggestions are summarized. Taking CRH380D train as an example, the optimal design scheme of high-speed railway control console interface layout is obtained.
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表 1 AOI数据
Table 1. AOI data
任务 指标 系统显示屏 手柄 开关按钮 AOI1 AOI2 AOI3 AOI4 AOI5 AOI6 AOI7 AOI8 A0I9 AOI10 AOI11 AOI12 AOI13 AOI14 AOI15 发车
准备注视时间/s 10.41 4.94 54.44 50.19 0.36 2.25 0 0.37 4.00 0.40 0.10 1.00 0.05 0.04 0 占比/% 7.90 3.85 42.44 39.13 0.29 1.75 0 0.29 3.12 0.31 0.08 0.78 0.04 0.03 0 注视点数量 41.25 29.08 275.17 207.33 0.42 11.92 0 1.83 17.67 2.42 0.83 6.00 0.33 0.33 0 正线
行驶注视时间/s 0.01 3.94 73.23 26.19 0.01 0.34 0 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.59 0.88 0.02 0.02 0 占比/% 0.01 3.74 69.54 24.87 0.01 0.33 0 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.56 0.84 0.02 0.02 0 注视点数量 0.17 20.92 352.42 106.50 0.08 2.67 0 0.08 0.17 0.08 3.00 4.75 0.25 0.17 0 停车
制动注视时间/s 0.97 2.63 81.10 8.57 0.05 0.33 0 2.14 1.98 0.85 0.22 1.49 0 0 0 占比/% 0.96 2.62 80.82 8.54 0.05 0.33 0 2.14 1.97 0.84 0.22 1.49 0 0 0 注视点数量 5.50 14.00 290.25 41.42 0.25 1.75 0 10.42 8.08 4.83 1.42 7.33 0 0 0 
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表 2 单个任务得分
Table 2. Individual task score
分 任务 脑力
需求体力
需求时间
需求业绩
水平努力
程度受挫
程度发车
准备55.00 35.00 55.00 54.64 64.64 30.36 正线
行驶51.07 34.64 47.86 56.07 58.57 26.07 停车
制动64.29 33.93 45.71 56.07 60.36 20.71
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表 3 整个驾驶过程的总体工作量得分
Table 3. Overall workload score of the whole driving process
分 被试 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 得分 68.00 47.33 62.33 58.67 64.33 40.00 59.00 54.67 37.33 47.00 49.00 62.00 56.67 42.33
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