Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Hardening Railway Ballast Bed Based on Discrete Element Method
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摘要:
为研究铁路有砟道床板结对其自身动力特性的影响，利用离散单元法并考虑道砟颗粒的真实外形建立了板结道床的仿真分析模型，分析了脏污板结及板结程度对有砟道床动态响应的影响，并探讨了板结引起道床弹性损失、刚度变大的细观机理. 研究结果表明：道床板结会增大道床中道砟颗粒的振动水平，并且板结越严重影响越明显，板结可将道砟颗粒的振动加速度增大20%～30%；板结会加强列车荷载对道床的冲击作用，增大道砟颗粒之间的接触力容易引起道砟颗粒破碎劣化；板结会放大不同位置处道床工作性能的差异，增大道床刚度的不均匀性；道砟颗粒之间的脏污板结材质会抑制道砟颗粒的相对移动，可将道砟颗粒的滑动分数降低至正常的50%左右，减小列车荷载作用下道床整体的宏观变形，从而呈现出刚度增大的特性.
Abstract:In order to study the influence of hardening railway ballast bed on its own dynamic characteristics, considering the real shape of ballast particles, a simulation analysis model of hardening ballast bed was established by using discrete element method. The influences of dirty hardening and hardening degree on the dynamic response of ballast bed was analyzed, and the meso-mechanism of elastic loss and stiffness increase of ballast bed caused by hardening was discussed. The results show that the hardening will increase the vibration level of ballast particles, and the more serious the hardening is, the more obvious the influence will be, and the hardening can increase the vibration acceleration of ballast particles by 20%−30%. The compaction will strengthen the impact of the train load on the ballast bed, increase the contact force between the ballast particles, which easily causes the ballast particles to break. The working performance of the track bed at different positions was amplified and the unevenness of the ballast bed stiffness was increased by the hardening. Dirty hardening materials between ballast particles can inhibit the relative movement of ballast particles, reduce the sliding fraction of ballast particles to about 50% of the normal value, and reduce the overall macroscopic deformation of the ballast bed under train load, thus showing the characteristics of increased stiffness.
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Key words:
- ballast bed /
- hardening /
- discrete element method /
- dynamic response
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图 6 5号轨枕下方道砟颗粒振动加速度时程曲线
Figure 6. Time history curves of ballast particle vibration acceleration under No. 5 sleeper
图 8 道砟颗粒接触力均值时程曲线
Figure 8. Time history curves of mean contact force of ballast particles
图 11 单一时步中道砟颗粒切向滑动位移
Figure 11. Sliding displacement of ballast particles in a single time step
表 1 计算工况
Table 1. Calculation conditions
工况编号 道床 板结程度/% 脏污颗粒数量/粒 1 洁净道床 0 0 2 板结道床 25 17605 3 板结道床 50 35213 4 板结道床 100 70427 
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表 2 离散元模型计算参数
Table 2. Parameters of DE model
参数 取值 道砟颗粒法向刚度/（N•m−1） 5.0 × 108 道砟颗粒切向刚度/（N•m−1） 5.0 × 108 道砟颗粒摩擦系数 0.55 道砟颗粒密度/（kg•m−3） 2 500 脏污颗粒密度/（kg•m−3） 2500 钢轨密度/（kg•m−3） 1029.5 轨枕密度/（kg•m−3） 3025.8 脏污颗粒黏结强度/MPa 0.5 黏结半径比例系数 1.0
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