八角楼乡火后泥石流空间发育特征

杨瀛; 胡卸文; 王严; 金涛; 曹希超; 韩玫

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20200015

八角楼乡火后泥石流空间发育特征

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20200015

杨瀛^1,,
胡卸文^1,2, ,,
王严¹,
金涛¹,
曹希超¹,
韩玫³

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41731285，41672283，41907225）

详细信息

作者简介:
杨瀛（1992—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为工程地质，E-mail：yangying@my.swjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
胡卸文（1963—），男，教授，博士，博士生导师，研究方向为工程地质、环境地质等，E-mail：huxiewen@163.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-02-04
- 修回日期: 2020-07-04
- 网络出版日期: 2020-07-09
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-15

Spatial Development Characteristics of Post-Fire Debris Flow in Bajiaolou Town

YANG Ying^1
,,
HU Xiewen^{1,2
, ,},
WANG Yan¹,
JIN Tao¹,
CAO Xichao¹,
HAN Mei³

摘要

摘要: 作为一种与林火密切相关的特殊泥石流，火后泥石流的形成具有明显的空间差异性，对其空间发育特征及影响因素的分析有利于此类泥石流的防灾减灾. 运用现场调查、室内外试验和遥感解译等手段，对雅江县八角楼乡火烧迹地15条沟道的火后泥石流发育特征及地形、林火、植被特征、降雨条件进行了多元分析. 结果表明：火烈度越强，土壤的物理力学性质劣化越严重，斥水性越强，渗透性越低，泥石流越易形成；流域过火面积越大，植被覆盖率越低，泥石流暴发频率越高；相对于大流域，小而陡的流域反而更易暴发火后泥石流. 此外，研究区内暴发的5次火后泥石流中有4次泥石流其激发雨强重复周期均小于5 a，且随着时间的增长激发雨强也逐渐升高.
- 林火 /
- 火后泥石流 /
- 空间发育特征 /
- 影响因素
Abstract: As a special type of debris flows closely relevant to forest fire, the generation of post-fire debris flow often shows a spatial variation. It is of great significance to analyze the spatial development characteristics and its influencing factors for hazard mitigation and reduction. By means of field investigation, in-situ and laboratory tests, and remote sensing interpretation, multi-factor analysis was conducted on the 15 channels in the burned area in Bajiaolou town of Yajiang county in terms of their spatial development characteristics, topography, forest fire, vegetation and rainfall conditions. The results show that the higher the fire intensity, the stronger the soil water repellency and the lower the permeability; moreover, the physical and mechanical properties of soil deteriorate more seriously, which contribute to the generation of post-fire debris flow. The occurrence frequency of post-fire debris flow rises when the burned area become larger and the vegetation cover coefficient lower. In contrast to the large basins, the smaller basins show more vulnerability to post-fire debris flow for their short channel lengths and high longitudinal slopes. Besides, the recurrence time of the triggering rainfall intensity that corresponds to four of five debris-flow events in the study areas is less than 5 years, and the triggering rainfall intensity also increases with time.
- forest fire /
- post-fire debris flow /
- spatial development characteristics /
- influencing factors

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图 1 研究区火烧迹地及火后泥石流发育工程地质平面

Figure 1. Burnt area and geological development plane of post-fire debris flow

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图 2 各流域火烈度分布

Figure 2. Fire intensity distribution of basins

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图 3 各流域火烧区面积占比分布

Figure 3. Proportion of burned area in each basin

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图 4 各火烈度区土壤内聚力和内摩擦角

Figure 4. Cohesion and internal friction of soil in areas with different fire intensities

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图 5 各火烈度区坡表不同深度处土壤渗透性

Figure 5. Soil permeability at different depths in areas with different fire intensities

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图 6 火烧区面积占比与泥石流暴发频次的关系

Figure 6. Relationship between proportion of burned area and frequency of post-fire debris flow

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图 7 各流域6月植被覆盖率分布

Figure 7. Distribution of vegetation coverage in each basin in June

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图 8 火烧对流域植被覆盖率的影响

Figure 8. Forest fire effects on vegetation coverage in study area

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图 9 植被覆盖率与火后泥石流暴发频次的关系

Figure 9. Relationship between vegetation coverage rate and frequency of post-fire debris flow

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图 10 地形因子及火后泥石流爆发频次与流域面积的关系

Figure 10. Relationship between terrain factors，post-fire debris flow frequency and basin area

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图 11 2018年各次火后泥石流降雨过程

Figure 11. Rainfall process of post-fire debris flows in 2018

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表 1 2018年火烧迹地泥石流暴发情况统计

Table 1. Statistics of post-fire debris flow occurred in burnt area in 2018

流域	是否发生泥石流和洪水					是否过火	暴发频次/次	易发性
流域	6月13日	6月24日	6月30日	7月5日	7月12日	是否过火	暴发频次/次	易发性
D1	×	×	×	√	√	是	2	L
D2	√	×	√	√	√	是	4	H
D3	√	√	√	√	√	是	5	H
D4	×	×	√	√	√	是	3	L
D5	√	√	√	√	√	是	5	H
D6	×	×	√	√	√	是	3	L
D7	√	√	√	√	√	是	5	H
D8	×	×	√	√	√	是	3	L
D9	√	√	√	√	√	是	5	H
D10	√	√	√	√	√	是	5	H
F1	×	×	×	×	×	是	0	N
F2	×	×	×	×	×	是	0	N
F3	×	×	×	×	×	是	0	N
F4	×	×	×	×	×	否	0	N
F5	×	×	×	×	×	否	0	N
注：“√”表示发生了泥石流，“×”表示只发生了洪水；“L”表示易发，“H”表示高易发，“N”表示不易发.

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表 2 火烧迹地坡表土壤物理性质试验结果

Table 2. Tested physical properties of soil on slope in study area

火烈度	密度/（g•cm⁻³）	含水率/%	比重	干密度/（g•cm⁻³）	孔隙度/%
未火烧（对照组）	1.51 ± 0.08 （a）	4.77 ± 0.30 （a）	2.62 ± 0.01 （a,b）	1.44 ± 0.08 （a）	45.14 ± 3.08 （b）
轻度	1.30 ± 0.03 （a,b）	3.89 ± 0.44 （a,b）	2.62 ± 0.01 （a,b）	1.25 ± 0.03 （a,b）	52.28 ± 1.28 （a,b）
中度	1.20 ± 0.08 （b）	2.69 ± 0.34 （b）	2.63 ± 0.01（a）	1.17 ± 0.08 （b）	55.66 ± 3.17 （a）
重度	1.14 ± 0.04 （b）	1.14 ± 0.26 （c）	2.59 ± 0.01 （b）	1.12 ± 0.04 （b）	56.66 ± 1.40 （a）
注：表中数据为均值 ± 标准误差；a、b、c反映单因素方差分析结果，同列数据不同字母表示均值差异性显著（P值小于0.05）.

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表 3 各火烈度区坡表不同深度处不同斥水土壤样本含量占比

Table 3. Proportion of hydrophobic soil samples at different depths in areas with different fire intensities

深度/cm	火烈度	样本含量占比/%				斥水性土壤占比合计/%
深度/cm	火烈度	N	L	M	H	斥水性土壤占比合计/%
0	W	72.48	23.91	2.45	1.16	27.52
	Q	42.22	26.93	7.81	23.04	57.78
	Z	29.79	28.61	14.62	26.98	70.21
	Y	25.42	28.59	12.05	33.94	74.58
1	W	93.04	4.16	1.53	1.27	6.96
	Q	93.53	2.57	0.86	3.04	6.47
	Z	51.07	32.01	7.64	9.28	48.93
	Y	52.24	33.81	5.97	7.98	47.76
2	W	97.05	1.23	0.44	1.28	2.95
	Q	97.12	1.54	0.53	0.81	2.88
	Z	88.21	6.53	2.64	2.62	11.79
	Y	87.53	7.62	1.56	3.29	12.47
3	W	97.13	0.82	1.21	0.84	2.87
	Q	96.43	1.68	0.87	1.02	3.57
	Z	96.49	1.07	0.99	1.45	3.51
	Y	94.35	1.86	1.98	1.81	5.65
注：“W”为未火烧，“Q”为轻度火烧，“Z”为中度火烧，“Y”为重度火烧；“N”为亲水，“L”为轻度斥水，“M”为中度斥水，“H”为严重斥水.

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表 4 各流域基本地形参数

Table 4. Basic topographic parameters of each basin

流域编号	面积/km²	流域高差/m	主沟长/km	主沟纵比降/‰	沟道密度/ （km•km⁻²）
D1	3.19	1430	3.88	336.04	1.87
D2	0.85	825	2.00	370.61	3.58
D3	0.25	650	1.28	501.70	8.80
D4	2.20	1445	3.35	395.28	2.67
D5	0.20	624	0.95	717.63	9.93
D6	0.31	761	1.17	722.32	6.42
D7	0.64	870	1.48	555.21	4.95
D8	2.82	1077	2.72	335.14	3.13
D9	0.31	592	0.97	590.58	6.29
D10	0.24	492	0.83	549.63	8.21
F1	4.13	1449	5.06	286.82	1.80
F2	6.98	1501	6.45	206.52	2.54
F3	5.15	1443	4.34	289.46	1.48
F4	0.44	697	1.13	581.34	6.18
F5	1.38	1062	2.81	348.70	3.01

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