Experimentation on Vibration Transmission Characteristics of Modern Tram Tracks
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摘要: 为探讨现代有轨电车不同轨道的振动传递特性，以某市现代有轨电车为例，对3种不同的轨道（未采取减振处理的普通轨道、安装弹性包覆材料的普通轨道和嵌入式轨道）进行测试. 基于锤击试验原理，获取了钢轨振动衰减率、轨道各部件的频响特性和插入损失，并与其它减振轨道进行了比较. 结果表明：嵌入式轨道的钢轨振动衰减率表现出明显的频率相关性，其在1 600 Hz频带可达5.9 dB/m；嵌入式轨道的第1个钢轨共振点出现在频率160 Hz附近，其频响函数幅值和共振频率均比未采取减振处理的普通轨道小；总体上，与安装弹性包覆材料的普通轨道和其它减振轨道相比，嵌入式轨道在中高频表现出更好的钢轨纵向减振效果，故理论上能够对轮轨噪声起到良好的抑制作用.Abstract: In order to explore vibration transmission characteristics of different tracks in modern tram traffic (MTR), the MTR in a city was selected as the case, three different tracks were measured, i.e., ordinary track without vibration absorption elements, ordinary track with elastic cladding materials, and embedded track. Based on the principle of hammering test, the rail vibration decay rate, frequency response characteristic of each track component and insertion loss were obtained. The test results were compared with other anti-vibration tracks. Results show that the vibration decay rate of the embedded track exhibits frequency dependency, which has a maxima of 5.9 dB/m at 1600 Hz frequency-band. The first rail resonance point of the embedded track appears near 160 Hz, the amplitude of frequency response function and resonant frequency are both lower than that of the ordinary track without vibration absorption elements. Overall, compare to the ordinary track with elastic cladding materials and other anti-vibration tracks, the embedded track demonstrates better vibration reduction effect in longitudinal direction of rails in mid- and high-frequency range, and thus theoretically the wheel-rail noise can be well suppressed.
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Key words:
- embedded rail track /
- vibration /
- hammering test /
- track decay rate /
- insertion loss
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表 1 材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters
材料 弹性模量/
Pa泊松比 密度/
（kg•m−3）损耗
因子刚度/
（MN•m−1）钢轨 2.10 × 1011 0.30 7850 扣件 0.10 40 弹性包
覆材料3.14 × 109 0.35 1350 高分子阻
尼材料5.00 × 106 0.45 1000 0.15 弹性垫板 2.00 × 106 0.44 800 0.15 轨道板 3.60 × 1010 0.20 2400 
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表 2 减振轨道的技术参数
Table 2. Technical parameters of anti-vibration tracks
部件 静刚度/
（MN•m−1）轨枕间
距/m工作频
率/Hz剪切型减
振器扣件8～12 0.625 − TRD − − 200～5000
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