基于应力判据法的拉林铁路岩爆烈度分级

吴枋胤; 何川; 汪波; 张钧博; 蒙伟; 刘金松

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20191167

基于应力判据法的拉林铁路岩爆烈度分级

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20191167

吴枋胤^1,,
何川¹,
汪波^1, ,,
张钧博¹,
蒙伟¹,
刘金松²

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51878571，U2034205）；中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划项目（2017G006-B）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴枋胤（1994—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为隧道与地下工程， E-mail：459924951@qq.com

通讯作者:
汪波（1975—），男，教授，研究方向为隧道与地下工程，E-mail：ahbowang@163.com

中图分类号: TU45
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-23
- 修回日期: 2020-05-09
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-15

Rock Burst Intensity Classification of Lhasa−Linzhi Railway Based on Stress Criterion

摘要

摘要: 把现有的判据直接应用于拉林铁路某一隧道的岩爆预测不能得到符合现场实际情况的岩爆预测结果，为了制定针对拉林铁路全线的岩爆烈度分级方案及应力判据，以拉林铁路桑珠岭隧道现场岩爆发育特征和规律、岩爆破坏形迹及kNN （k近邻分类）算法为基础，进行现场洞壁二次应力量测、现场岩样点荷载试验、基于二次修正地应力场的开挖模拟，提出了针对拉林铁路的岩爆烈度分级方案及应力判据，在通过桑珠岭隧道的岩爆预测准确性验证后将判据推广应用于拉林铁路典型岩爆隧道（祝拉岗隧道、达嘎拉隧道、岗木拉隧道）的岩爆预测中，并与现有判据的判定结果进行对比分析. 研究结果表明：针对拉林铁路而言，卢森判据会低估轻微岩爆的发生，但对中等岩爆的判定较好；王兰生判据判定的岩爆等级主要集中在轻微岩爆，没有正确判定实际发生的中等、强烈岩爆，表明其容易低估实际岩爆等级；关宝树判据判定的岩爆等级主要集中在强烈岩爆，基本没有正确判定实际发生的轻微、中等岩爆，容易高估实际岩爆等级；拉林铁路岩爆判据除了对中等岩爆的判定能力与卢森判据持平外，其各等级岩爆预测结果准确率均大于其余判据，更符合拉林铁路现场实际情况.
- 隧道工程 /
- 川藏铁路 /
- 拉林铁路 /
- 岩爆判据 /
- 岩爆预测
Abstract: The rockburst prediction results of a tunnel in the Lhasa−Linzhi railway cannot meet the actual situation on site by applying the existing criteria directly. In order to formulate the rockburst intensity classification scheme and stress criterion for the whole line of the Lhasa−Linzhi railway, the measurement of the wall stress after tunnel excavation, point load test on rock samples and the excavation simulation based two-stage back analysis of initial geostress field were carried out based on the in-situ rockburst development characteristics and rules, rockburst failure trace in Sangzhuling tunnel of the Lhasa−Linzhi railway and kNN (k-nearest neighbor classification) algorithm, and then the rockburst intensity classification scheme and stress criterion for the Lhasa−Linzhi railway were proposed. After the verification of the prediction accuracy of rockburst in the Sangzhuling tunnel, the criterion was applied to the rockburst prediction of typical rock burst tunnels (the Zhulagang tunnel, the Dagala tunnel and the Gangmula tunnel) of the Lhasa−Linzhi railway, and the results are compared with the existing ones. The results show that for the Lhasa−Linzhi railway, the Russenes rockburst criterion will underestimate the occurrence of slight rockburst, but it is better to judge moderate rockburst. The rock burst grade judged by the Wang Lansheng criterion mainly focuses on slight rockburst, and the actual moderate and strong rockburst grades are not correctly judged, which indicates that it is easy to underestimate the actual rockburst grade. The rockburst grade judged by the Guanbaoshu criterion mainly focuses on strong rockburst, and it is easy to overestimate the actual rockburst grade because it basically does not correctly judge the actual slight and moderate rockburst grade. The rockburst criterion of the Lhasa−Linzhi railway is equal to the Lu Sen criterion in judging moderate rock burst grade, and its accuracy rate of rockburst prediction results is higher than other criteria, which is more in line with the actual situation of the Lhasa−Linzhi railway.
- tunnel engineering /
- Sichuan−Tibet railway /
- Lhasa−Linzhi railway /
- rockburst criterion /
- rockburst prediction

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图 1 岩爆破坏方式

Figure 1. Rock burst failure modes

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图 2 岩爆后形成巨大空腔（DK183 + 000）

Figure 2. Huge cavity formed after rockburst (DK183 + 000)

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图 3 实际岩爆判定

Figure 3. Actual rockburst judgement

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图 4 实测洞壁二次应力

Figure 4. In-situ secondary wall stress

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图 5 数值计算获取得应力判据值及现场岩爆等级对应图

Figure 5. Corresponding diagram of stress criterion value obtained by numerical calculation and actual rockburst grades

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图 6 拉林铁路岩爆判据与现有常用判据对比

Figure 6. Comparison between existing common criterias and rockburst criteria of Lhasha−Linzhi railway

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图 7 岩爆判定结果对比

Figure 7. Comparison of rockburst results

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表 1 桑珠岭隧道岩爆发生次数

Table 1. Rockburst occurrence frequency in the Sangzhuling tunnel

发生特征	第一次岩爆持续时间/min					距离开挖时间/h					崩出岩石块径/cm
发生特征	< 5	5～10	10～15	15～20	≥ 20	< 0.5	0.5～1.5	1.5～2.5	2.5～3.5	≥ 3.5	2～10	10～20	20～30	30～40	≥ 40
发生次数/次	133	160	68	11	8	73	47	51	168	41	108	42	44	15	9

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表 2 桑珠岭隧道不同埋深段岩爆统计

Table 2. Rockburst grades of different buried deep sections in the Sangzhuling tunnel 次

岩爆等级	埋深/m
岩爆等级	< 400	400～900	≥ 900
轻微	46	73	109
中等	22	94	77
强烈	6	22	0
合计	74	189	186
百分比/%	16.48	42.09	41.43

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表 3 岩爆烈度分级方案及判据

Table 3. Classification scheme of rockburst intensity and rockburst criterion

岩爆等级	声响特征	运动特征	坑深/m	形态特征	工程影响	${\sigma _{\theta} }{\rm{/} }{R_{\rm{c}}}$
轻微	微弱的撕裂声、噼啪声	松动剥落、掉块	< 0.5	薄片状、透镜状	小	0.13～0.31
中等	清脆且持续时间短的爆裂声	大量剥落掉块并伴随弹射、抛射	0.5～1.0	透镜状、棱板状	较大	0.31～0.54
强烈	强烈的闷响、如炮弹爆炸的爆裂声	大块径爆裂、强烈弹射、抛射	≥ 1.0	块状、板状	很大	≥ 0.54

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表 4 桑珠岭隧道DK186 + 300～187 + 200段岩爆预测结果验证

Table 4. Verification of rockburst prediction results of section DK186 + 300～187 + 200 in the Sangzhuling tunnel

里程	岩性	发生规模		破坏方式	${\sigma _{\theta} }{\rm{/} }{R_{\rm{c}}}$	等级判定
里程	岩性	形状	坑深/cm	破坏方式	${\sigma _{\theta} }{\rm{/} }{R_{\rm{c}}}$	本文判据	实际
D1K186 + 300	花岗岩	透镜状	2～12	连续的噼啪声、围岩松动剥落	0.28	轻微	轻微
D1K186 + 400	花岗岩	透镜状	2～12	连续的噼啪声、围岩松动剥落	0.26	轻微	轻微
D1K186 + 500	花岗岩	透镜状、板棱状	5～50	围岩大量掉块、清脆的爆裂声并伴随弹射	0.32	中等	中等
D1K186 + 600	花岗岩				0.33	中等	中等
D1K186 + 700	花岗岩				0.33	中等	中等
D1K186 + 800	花岗岩				0.29	中等	中等
D1K186 + 900	花岗岩	薄片状、透镜状		围岩松脱剥离，零星的噼啪声	0.23	轻微	轻微
D1K187 + 000	花岗岩				0.22	轻微	轻微
D1K187 + 100	花岗岩				0.22	轻微	轻微
D1K187 + 200	花岗岩				0.20	轻微	轻微

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