考虑动态交通流的停车场车辆最优疏散模型

甘家华; 毛新华; 赵京

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20190611

考虑动态交通流的停车场车辆最优疏散模型

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20190611

甘家华^1,,
毛新华^2, ,,
赵京¹

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（71701022），教育部人文社会科学研究（16XJCZH002）

详细信息

作者简介:
甘家华（1984—），男，高级工程师，博士，研究方向为综合交通运输规划，E-mail：ganjh@vip.qq.com

通讯作者:
毛新华（1986—），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为交通流理论、交通应急管理，E-mail：maoxinhua@chd.edu.cn

中图分类号: U941.7
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-12
- 修回日期: 2019-09-17
- 网络出版日期: 2020-05-11
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-01

Optimal Evacuation Model of Parking Vehicles in Dynamic Traffic Flows

GAN Jiahua^1
,,
MAO Xinhua^{2
, ,},
ZHAO Jing¹

摘要

摘要: 为有效地制定停车场车辆疏散方案，缩短车辆疏散时间，研究了考虑道路网动态交通流特征的停车场车辆最优疏散模型. 首先，根据排队论将停车场每个出口车道的车辆排队抽象成一个M/M/1/1排队系统，分析出口道路交通流车头时距对车辆离开率的影响，从而估算车辆在停车场内的排队时间. 其次，构建道路网节点交通流均衡模型和路段交通流均衡模型模拟车辆的疏散路径选择行为，并估算疏散车辆的行驶时间以及在交叉口的延误时间. 最后，选取一个具有4个出口的停车场进行车辆疏散仿真模拟. 研究结果表明：出口处道路交通流车头时距对停车场车辆排队时间、行驶时间和总疏散时间均有显著影响，并且车辆在道路网中最优路径的选择主要受非疏散交通流影响；该模型能模拟停车场车辆在疏散过程中的动态交通特征及时间消耗，根据出口处道路交通流车头时距动态调整车辆离开率，提升疏散效率.
- 交通工程 /
- 疏散模型 /
- 动态交通流 /
- 停车场 /
- 排队论
Abstract: In order to develop an effective evacuation plan for vehicles in a parking lot and achieve the shortest evacuation time, an optimal evacuation model was built by considering the dynamic traffic flow characteristics of a road network. Firstly, according to queuing theory, the vehicle queue on each exit lane of a parking lot was denoted by an M/M/1/1 queuing system, which was used to simulate how the traffic flow headway on the exit lane affects the vehicle departure rate, and estimate the queue time of the vehicles in the parking lot. Secondly, the traffic flow equilibrium model of road network nodes and link traffic flow equilibrium model were employed to imitate the path selection behavior in vehicle evacuation, and the evacuation time and delay time at intersections were estimated. Finally, a parking lot with 4 exits was selected to conduct an evacuation simulation. The results show that the traffic flow headway on the exit lane has a significant impact on vehicle queue time, travel time and evacuation time, while the optimal route choices are mainly affected by background traffic, demonstrating that the proposed model can simulate the dynamic traffic characteristics and time consumption during the evacuation process and adjust the departure rate to improve the evacuation efficiency according to the traffic flow headway.
- transport engineering /
- evacuation model /
- dynamic traffic flow /
- parking lot /
- queuing theory

HTML全文

图 1 多源多汇疏散路网有向图

Figure 1. Evacuation network with multiple origins and destinations

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图 2 疏散路网

Figure 2. Evacuation road network

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图 3 各出口疏散车辆数

Figure 3. Numbers of vehicles evacuated from each exit

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图 4 停车场4个出口车辆疏散过程

Figure 4. Evacuation process from 4 exits of parking lot

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图 5 敏感性分析

Figure 5. Sensitivity analysis

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表 1 最优疏散路径

Table 1. Optimal evacuation routes

起点	终点	路径	路径编号	疏散车辆数/辆
E1	D	E1—I—J	R1	48
E1	J	E1—I—D	R2	59
E2	S	E2—N—S	R3	107
E2	O	E2—N—O	R4	92
E3	R	E3—M—R	R5	105
	K	E3—M—L—K	R6	80
	Q	E3—M—L—Q	R7	61
E4	C	E4—H—C	R8	84
	B	E4—H—G—B	R9	93
	F	E4—H—G—F	R10	51

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