基于AHP-独立性权数法的列车旅客界面设计评价

何思俊; 支锦亦

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20190586

基于AHP-独立性权数法的列车旅客界面设计评价

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20190586

何思俊,
支锦亦^,

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2017YFB1201103-9，2017YFB1201103-10，2017YFB1201103-11，2017YFB1201103-12）

详细信息

作者简介:
何思俊（1990—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为轨道交通人因设计、产品设计与评价等，E-mail：hesijuncn@qq.com

通讯作者:
支锦亦（1974—），女，教授，博士，研究方向为轨道交通工具设计、人因设计评价等，E-mail：7601662@qq.com

中图分类号: U271.91
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-12
- 修回日期: 2020-04-15
- 网络出版日期: 2020-05-04
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-15

Evaluation of Train Passenger Interface Design Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process with Independent Weight Method

HE Sijun,
ZHI Jinyi^,

摘要

摘要: 为了克服高速列车旅客界面现有评价模型指标单一、赋权方法主观随意性、缺乏定量分析的局限性，首先，对新型双层高速列车的试验样车展开满意度调查，在此基础上从评价指标的全面性、系统性和层次性出发，构建了由设施尺度、安全设计、功能使用、空间环境和美学设计5类评价准则和36项具体指标组成的层次指标体系；其次，提出一种AHP法（层次分析法）结合独立性权数法赋权值的模糊综合评价模型，保留了专家的主观意见和乘客体验调查数据中的客观信息；最后，基于专家判断数据和调查评分数据求解了旅客界面评价指标体系的各层级权重，解算了新造样车和既有列车的评价等级. 研究结果表明：新造样车的评语等级为满意，隶属度为0.3977，既有列车评语等级为非常满意，隶属度为0.4422；根据权重计算得出旅客界面的设计改进顺序应为设施尺度、功能操作、空间环境、安全设计和美学设计；各评价准则中座椅人机曲面、设施尖角圆润、座椅可调性、空气质量和色彩协调性是对乘客满意度影响最大的因素.
- 高速列车 /
- 旅客界面 /
- 层次分析法 /
- 独立性权数法 /
- 模糊综合评价
Abstract: In order to overcome the limitations of the existing evaluation model of high-speed train passenger interface, such as single index, subjective randomness of weighting method and lack of quantitative analysis. Firstly, a satisfaction survey was conducted on the new type double deck high-speed test sample train. On this basis, starting from the comprehensiveness, systematicness and hierarchy of the evaluation indicators, a hierarchical index system is constructed, which consists of five evaluation criteria and 36 specific indexes, including facility scale, safety design, function use, space environment, and aesthetic design. Secondly, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is proposed, which combines the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method with independent weight method, it retains the subjective opinions of experts and objective information in the passenger experience survey data. Finally, the weights of each level of the passenger interface evaluation index system are solved based on expert judgment data and survey score data, and the evaluation grades of the new prototype and the existing train are calculated. The results show that the comment grade of the new prototype is satisfactory with the membership degree of 0.3977, and the comment grade of the existing train is very satisfactory with the membership degree of 0.4422. According to the weight calculation, the design improvement sequence of passenger interface should be facility scale, functional operation, space environment, safety design, and aesthetic design. In the evaluation criteria, the man-machine surface of the seat, the rounded corners of the facility, the adjustability of the seat, the air quality and the color coordination are the factors that have the greatest impact on passenger satisfaction.
- high-speed train /
- passenger interface /
- analytic hierarchy process (AHP) /
- independent weight method /
- fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

HTML全文

图 1 列车旅客界面设计综合评价流程

Figure 1. Comprehensive evaluation process of passenger interface design of train

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 行李架高度指标设计问题

Figure 2. Design problem of luggage rack height index

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 改进的设计方案效果图

Figure 3. Rendering of the improved design scheme

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 乘客个体特征描述性统计

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of individual passenger characteristics

项目	性别		年龄/岁				身高/cm				位置
项目	女	男	21～25	26～35	36～45	46～55	154～160	161～170	171～180	181～185	靠窗	不靠窗
样本数/个	40	45	15	36	21	13	9	32	39	5	33	52
占比/%	47.0	53.0	17.6	42.4	24.7	15.3	10.5	37.5	45.5	5.0	38.8	61.2

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表 2 高速列车旅客界面设计评价指标体系

Table 2. Passenger interface design evaluation index system for high-speed train

目标层 A	准则层 B	指标层 C
旅客界面设计满意度	设施尺度 B₁	座椅布局方式 C₁，座椅人机曲面 C₂，前后座椅间距 C₃，个人隐私空间 C₄，厕所空间 C₅，收纳空间 C₆，过道宽度 C₇
	安全设计 B₂	行李架高度 C₈，设施尖角圆润 C₉，端门紧急开关 C₁₀，座位进出便捷 C₁₁，开水出水高度 C₁₂，地板防滑 C₁₃
	功能使用 B₃	垃圾储存方便 C₁₄，行李放置方便 C₁₅，导示信息清晰 C₁₆，厕所使用方便 C₁₇，梳妆镜位置 C₁₈，座椅可调性 C₁₉，功能按键使用 C₂₀，充电方便性 C₂₁，桌板使用方便 C₂₂，阅读方便 C₂₃
	空间环境 B₄	环境洁净度 C₂₄，空气质量 C₂₅，温度 C₂₆，振动 C₂₇，噪声 C₂₈，照明 C₂₉，压力 C₃₀
	美学设计 B₅	色彩协调性 C₃₁，造型美观 C₃₂，面料亲和力 C₃₃，设计精致感 C₃₄,设计时代感 C_35，设计独创性 C₃₆

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表 3 1～9级标度含义

Table 3. Scale meaning of level 1−9

标度	含义
1	i 和 j 指标同等重要
3	i 比 j 稍重要
5	i 比 j 明显重要
7	i 比 j 强烈重要
9	i 比 j 极端重要
2，4，6，8	对应以上相邻判断的中间情况
倒数	若 i 比 j 的判断为 u_ij，则 j 比 i 的判断 u_ji = 1/u_ij

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表 4 列车旅客界面评价指标权重

Table 4. Weights of passenger interface evaluation index

评价指标	AHP权重	独立性权数法权重	综合权重
B₁	0.4157	0.1988	0.3073
C₁	0.1216	0.1366	0.1291
C₂	0.3880	0.1816	0.2848
C₃	0.2521	0.1491	0.2006
C₄	0.1253	0.1468	0.1361
C₅	0.0222	0.1317	0.0770
C₆	0.0551	0.1305	0.0928
C₇	0.0357	0.1237	0.0797
B₂	0.1001	0.1976	0.1490
C₈	0.2828	0.1907	0.2367
C₉	0.4359	0.2044	0.3202
C₁₀	0.0350	0.1469	0.0909
C₁₁	0.1325	0.1602	0.1463
C₁₂	0.0631	0.1555	0.1093
C₁₃	0.0506	0.1424	0.0965
B₃	0.2163	0.1936	0.2049
C₁₄	0.0230	0.0872	0.0551
C₁₅	0.0533	0.1063	0.0798
C₁₆	0.0281	0.0996	0.0638
C₁₇	0.0360	0.1000	0.0680
C₁₈	0.0157	0.0934	0.0545
C₁₉	0.3281	0.1135	0.2208
C₂₀	0.1249	0.0875	0.1062
C₂₁	0.1048	0.1044	0.1046
C₂₂	0.2098	0.1083	0.1590
C₂₃	0.0764	0.0999	0.0881
B₄	0.2254	0.1914	0.2048
C₂₄	0.0987	0.1465	0.1226
C₂₅	0.4036	0.1577	0.2087
C₂₆	0.0256	0.1350	0.0803
C₂₇	0.0256	0.1360	0.0973
C₂₈	0.1383	0.1495	0.1439
C₂₉	0.2532	0.1366	0.1949
C₃₀	0.0220	0.1387	0.0803
B₅	0.0426	0.2184	0.1305
C₃₁	0.4345	0.1682	0.3014
C₃₂	0.2383	0.1771	0.2076
C₃₃	0.1495	0.1633	0.1564
C₃₄	0.0499	0.1636	0.1067
C₃₅	0.0998	0.1664	0.1331
C₃₆	0.0282	0.1614	0.0948

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表 5 准则层复相关系数

Table 5. Criterion layer correlation coefficient

准则层指标	复相关系数	决定系数
B₁	0.865	0.748
B₂	0.869	0.755
B₃	0.888	0.789
B₄	0.898	0.807
B₅	0.787	0.620

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