Power Following Control Strategy of SOC Dynamic Adjustment for Small Fuel-Cell Cars
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摘要: 针对风冷型质子交换膜燃料电池与锂电池组成的小型车用混合动力系统，提出一种根据SOC （state of charge）动态调节功率跟随系数的能量管理方法，完成混合动力观光车样车研制. 对构成样车的混合动力系统、氢气储存供给系统、信号控制系统3部分进行了详细阐述，并对不同工况下功率跟随算法调节系数对控制效果的影响进行了分析；采用动态改变调节系数降低功率跟随算法控制引起的锂电池SOC及燃料电池输出功率波动，延长电堆使用寿命；通过样车实际运行测试，验证混合动力控制方法的有效性. 测试结果表明：运行过程中燃料电池平均工作效率达到48.15%，并推算理论最大续航里程为94 km，与实际运行结果吻合.Abstract: An SOC (state of charge)-based energy management method is proposed to dynamically adjust the power following coefficient for the small-vehicle hybrid system that consists of an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a lithium battery. Moreover, a hybrid sightseeing car prototype is developed. Three parts of the prototype vehicle are illustrated, i.e., the hybrid power system, hydrogen storage supply system, and signal control system. How the coefficient of the power following algorithm affects the control under different operating conditions is analyzed. By dynamically adjusting the coefficient, the SOC deviation of the lithium battery and output power fluctuation of the fuel cell in the operation of the power following algorithm is alleviated and the service life of the stack is prolonged. Through the actual running tests on the prototype vehicle, the control method was verified. The average operating efficiency of the fuel cell in operation reached 48.15%, and the theoretical maximum cruising range was 94 km, which is consistent with the practice.
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图 5 相对剧烈工况下混合动力功率及SOC曲线
Figure 5. Hybrid power and SOC curves under relatively severe working conditions
图 6 相对平缓工况下混合动力功率及SOC曲线
Figure 6. Hybrid power and SOC curves under relatively flat working conditions
图 7 基于荷电状态偏差调节的实时功率跟随策略
Figure 7. Real-time power following strategy based on SOC deviation adjustment
表 1 车辆运行参数
Table 1. Vehicle operating parameters
性能指标 数值 性能指标 数值 最高运行速度/（km•h−1） 30 锂电池额定电压/V 58.5 最大载客量/人 12 锂电池额定容量/（A•h） 200 最大续航里程/km 150 氢气储气罐压力/MPa 35 动力电机功率/kW 5 氢气储气罐容量/L 28 燃料电池电堆功率/kW 3 最大爬行坡度/（°） 15 动力母线电压/V 60 
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表 2 功率跟随参数
Table 2. Power following parameters
参数名称 数值 参数名称 数值 母线电压/V 60 SOC上限/% 50 标准充电功率/kW 1 SOC下限/% 20 电机额定功率/kW 5 SOC参考/% 35
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表 3 不同策略效率及氢耗对比
Table 3. Comparison of efficiency and hydrogen consumption for different strategies
控制策略 燃料电池
效率/%氢耗/
（g•km−1）调节系数恒定为 0.50 功率跟随 46.79 7.7 动态调节系数功率跟随 48.15 7.5
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