Wind Load Characteristics of Large-Span Shell-Shaped Roof with Decorative Spiral Strips
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摘要: 为了解装饰造型对大跨贝壳形屋盖风荷载特性的影响，研究了某表面有螺旋形装饰条高铁站房屋盖的风压分布特征. 首先，基于Reynolds时均RNG k-ε湍流模型，建立表面有装饰条大跨贝壳形屋盖的数值风洞模型，以模拟屋盖风压分布，通过与风洞试验结果的对比分析，验证了数值模型的可靠性和适用性；然后，建立表面无装饰条贝壳形屋盖的数值风洞，并进行数值模拟；最后，将表面有装饰条屋盖和表面无装饰条屋盖的计算结果进行对比，从风荷载升力系数、局部体型系数和局部区域速度矢量分布方面，分析表面有螺旋形装饰条贝壳形屋盖的风场变化特性. 研究结果表明：数值模拟得到的表面有装饰肋条大跨贝壳形屋盖风载体型系数与风洞试验的体型系数相对误差在 ± 25%以内，风荷载升力系数偏差率在−7.1%～6.1%；表面有装饰条模型的风载升力系数小于表面无装饰条模型，最大偏差率达22.4%，设置装饰条对大跨贝壳形屋盖的整体抗风有利；设置装饰条可以使屋面大部分区域的局部风压减小0～50%，但也会使得个别区域增大2～5倍，在对局部附属构件设计时应予以重点关注；装饰肋条间有一定的狭管效应，肋条对风流的阻挡效应致使风流在肋条处有明显的漩涡产生，并使得肋条自身的风压较高，表面有装饰条屋盖会在背风面产生比表面无装饰条屋盖更大范围的尾涡.Abstract: In order to understand the effect of decorative structure on the wind load characteristics of a large-span shell-shaped roof, the wind pressure distribution characteristics of a high-speed railway station roof with a decorative spiral strip on a certain surface were studied. First, a numerical wind tunnel model for a long-span shell-shaped roof with decorative strips on its surface was established, and the wind pressure distribution on this roof was simulated on the basis of the Reynolds time-averaged RNG k-ε turbulence model. The reliability and applicability of the numerical model were then verified through comparative analysis against wind tunnel test results. Meanwhile, a numerical wind tunnel model for the same roof without decorative strips was also built, and numerical simulations were carried out. By comparing the numerical results of roofs with and without surface decorative strips, the wind field variation characteristics of the long-span shell-shaped roof with decorative spiral strips were analyzed from the aspects of wind-load lift coefficient, wind-load local shape coefficient, and regional velocity vector distribution. Results show that the relative error of the shape coefficient between the numerical simulation and the wind tunnel test was within ± 25%. The deviation rate of the wind-load lift coefficient was between −7.1% and 6.1%. Compared with the simulation result of the roof without surface decoration strip, the wind-load lift coefficient of the roof with surfacedecoration strip was smaller, and the maximum deviation rate could reach 22.4%, which means that the setting of the decorative strip is beneficial for reducing the wind-resistance of the large-span shell-shaped roof. It was also found that the setting of decorative strips would reduce the local wind pressure in most areas of the roof by 0%–50%. However, it also increased the wind pressure in individual regions on the roof by 2–5 times, which should be paid more attention to in the design of local accessory components on the roof. Besides, there is some narrow pipe effect between the decorative strips, and the blocking effect of the decorative strips on airflow leads to the generation of apparent vortices between the strips, making the wind pressure at the strips higher. Furthermore, as the wind flows around the building, the roof with decorative strips on the surface will produce a larger range of trailing vortices on the leeward side than the roof without decorative strips.
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Key words:
- decorative strips /
- shell-shaped roof /
- lift coefficient /
- shape coefficient /
- trailing vortex
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图 1 有表面装饰条大跨贝壳形屋盖（单位：m）
Figure 1. Large-span scalloped roof surface with decorative strips (unit：m)
图 3 数值风洞的流体计算域和边界条件（单位：m）
Figure 3. Fluid calculation domain and boundary conditions of numerical wind tunnel (unit: m)
图 7 平均风压系数试验值与模拟计算值随测点变化曲线
Figure 7. Curves of the experimental and simulated values of mean wind pressure coefficients varying with the measured points
图 8 风压系数偏差比随测点的变化曲线
Figure 8. Variation curve of deviation ratio of wind pressure coefficient with measuring points
图 9 屋盖局部区块风荷载体型系数分布
Figure 9. Distribution of wind load shape coefficient of local block in the roof
图 11 风荷载升力系数随风向角的变化情况
Figure 11. Variation of lift coefficient of wind load with wind direction angle
图 13 风荷载局部体型系数随区块的变化曲线
Figure 13. Variation curve of local shape coefficient of wind load with block size
图 14 风荷载局部体型系数偏差比随区块的变化曲线
Figure 14. Variation curve of deviation ratio of local shape factor of wind load with block size
图 15 0° 风向角part 1风压系数分布
Figure 15. Wind pressure coefficient distribution of part 1 under 0° wind angle
图 16 270° 风向角part 1风压系数分布
Figure 16. Wind pressure coefficient distribution of part 1 under 270° wind angle
图 17 0° 风向角下part 1速度示意
Figure 17. Velocity vector of part 1 for 0° wind direction angle
图 18 0° 风向角下10 m高度处水平风速示意
Figure 18. Horizontal wind speed vector at 10 m height under 0° wind angle
图 19 270° 风向角下10 m高度处水平风速示意
Figure 19. Horizontal wind speed vector at 10 m height under 270° wind angle
表 1 各风向角下的风荷载升力系数及偏差率
Table 1. Wind load lift coefficient and deviation rate undereach wind direction angle
风向角/（°） 风荷载升力系数 偏差率/% ${\beta _{\rm{1}}}$ ${\beta _{\rm{2}}}$ ${\beta _3}$ $\dfrac{ {{\beta _1} - {\beta _2}} }{ { {\beta _1} } }$ $\dfrac{ {{\beta _3} - {\beta _2}} }{ { {\beta _3} } }$ $\dfrac{ {{\beta _3} - {\beta _1}} }{ { {\beta _3} } }$ 0 0.23 0.21 0.24 6.1 10.5 4.6 45 0.36 0.35 0.43 2.2 18.1 16.2 90 0.47 0.45 0.59 3.6 22.4 19.5 135 0.39 0.38 0.42 3.8 10.6 7.1 180 0.25 0.24 0.25 3.9 3.2 −0.8 225 0.38 0.39 0.43 −3.2 8.0 10.8 270 0.39 0.41 0.50 −4.9 18.6 22.4 315 0.38 0.41 0.42 −7.1 1.5 8.0 
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