Operating Environment and Pollutant Distribution in Xiang’an Undersea Tunnel
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摘要: 为了明确城市海底公路隧道内环境参数和污染物的分布规律，针对厦门翔安海底隧道运营通风效果进行了现场测试，获取了交通高峰期和非高峰期两个时段隧道内气压、温湿度、风速、CO、NO2和PM浓度的分布规律，结合一维扩散理论和Fluent组分输运模型研究了海底公路隧道内环境参数和污染物随交通流的分布规律. 研究结果表明：（1） 交通高峰期时段，温度沿车流方向逐渐升高，出口处达到最高温度36 ℃；湿度沿车流方向逐渐降低，入口处最大湿度为94%；CO、NO2和PM浓度随车流方向逐渐升高，在出口处达到最大，最大浓度分别为21.00 ppm、3.73 ppm和1.76 mg/m3，V型坡坡底处PM浓度也较高（2.03 mg/m3）；根据烟尘质量浓度与消光系数的转换公式得到出口处和V型坡坡底处的消光系数分别为0.008 3 m−1和0.009 5 m−1，NO2和PM浓度超过了规范值.（2） 非交通高峰期NO2最大浓度为1.68 ppm，出口处和V型坡坡底处的消光系数分别为0.006 9 m−1和0.007 7 m−1，出口处NO2浓度和坡底处消光系数超过了规范值.Abstract: In order to clarify the distribution of environmental parameters and pollutants in the urban undersea road tunnel, a field test was carried out for the ventilation effect of Xiamen Xiang'an undersea tunnel. The atmosphere pressure, temperature and humidity, air speed, CO, NO2, and PM concentration in the tunnel were tested during the peak and off-peak periods. Combined with the one-dimensional diffusion theory and the Fluent component transport model, the distribution of environmental parameters and pollutants along the traffic volume in the undersea road tunnel was studied. The results show that: (1) during the rush hours, the temperature increases gradually along the direction of traffic flow and reaches to 36℃ at the outlet. The humidity decreases gradually along the direction of traffic flow and reaches to 94% at the inlet. The CO, NO2, and PM concentrations increase gradually with the direction of traffic flow and reach to maximum at the outlet, the maximum concentrations were 21.00 ppm, 3.73 ppm and 1.76 mg/m3, respectively. The PM concentration at the bottom of the V-shaped slope reaches to 2.03 mg/m3. According to the conversion formula of particulate matter concentration and extinction coefficient, the extinction coefficients at the outlet and the bottom of the V-shaped slope are 0.008 3 m−1 and 0.009 5 m−1 , respectively. The NO2 and PM concentrations exceed the threshold value. (2) The maximum concentration of NO2 during off-peak hours is 1.68 ppm, and the extinction coefficients at the outlet and the bottom of the V-shaped slope are 0.006 9 m−1 and 0.007 7 m−1 , respectively. The NO2 concentration at the outlet and the extinction coefficient at the bottom of the slope exceed the threshold value.
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Key words:
- undersea road tunnel /
- ventilation design /
- field testing /
- pollutant distribution /
- V-shaped slope
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图 6 环境参数沿隧道纵向分布规律
Figure 6. Longitudinal distribution of environmental parameters along the tunnel
图 10 CO、NO2浓度沿隧道纵向分布规律
Figure 10. Longitudinal distribution of CO，NO2 concentration along the tunnel
表 1 不同隧道污染物浓度测试结果比较
Table 1. Comparison of pollutant concentrations measured in different tunnels
隧道名称 地区 长度/m 交通量/
（veh•h−1）轻型车
占比/%平均车速/
（km•h−1）出口浓度 CO/ppm NO2/ppm PM/（mg•m−3） 狮子山隧道 香港 1 295 2 300 43～58 6.5 0.33 雪山隧道 台湾 12 900 1 400 89.1 80 12.0～39.0 1.20～3.10 0.148～0.178 Janio Quardros隧道 圣保罗 850 1 500～2 000 85.0 72 6.7 ± 1.8 0.20 0.123 ± 0.031 Rodoanel隧道 圣保罗 1 150 3 000 70.0 83 6.3 ± 1.5 1.15 0.245 ± 0.059 东延安路隧道 上海 2 261 2 700 95.0 20～40 17.4 营盘路隧道 长沙 2 510 1 700～2 600 98.4 30 20.3 1.65 翔安海底隧道 厦门 6 050 2 000～2 952 77.0 40～60 13.0～22.0 1.57～3.73 1.47～1.65 
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表 2 设计限值标准
Table 2. Design threshold criteria values
标准名称 地区 CO/
ppmNO2/
ppmPM/
（mg•m−3）PIARC 2012 国际 70 1 1.489 公路隧道通风
设计细则中国 100 必要时考虑 1.596
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