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基于流固耦合求解的强横风下轨道力学分析

张茉颜 肖宏

张茉颜, 肖宏. 基于流固耦合求解的强横风下轨道力学分析[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2020, 55(5): 1094-1102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20180649
引用本文: 张茉颜, 肖宏. 基于流固耦合求解的强横风下轨道力学分析[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2020, 55(5): 1094-1102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20180649
ZHANG Moyan, XIAO Hong. Track Mechanical Analysis under Strong Cross Wind Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2020, 55(5): 1094-1102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20180649
Citation: ZHANG Moyan, XIAO Hong. Track Mechanical Analysis under Strong Cross Wind Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2020, 55(5): 1094-1102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20180649

基于流固耦合求解的强横风下轨道力学分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20180649
基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2015JBZ004)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张茉颜(1996—),女,博士研究生,研究方向为轨道结构,E-mail:3599860892@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    肖宏(1978—),男,教授,博士,研究方向为轨道结构,E-mail:xiaoh@bjtu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: U216.4

Track Mechanical Analysis under Strong Cross Wind Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling

  • 摘要: 为研究强横风条件下轨道结构的力学特性,采用计算流体力学和有限元联合仿真,对轨道结构的受力和变形进行了分析. 首先采用SOLIDWORKS软件基于CRH380A型高速列车实际外形轮廓建模,然后通过FLUENT计算得到列车的气动特性,再与有限元软件ABAQUS联合仿真建立列车-轨道耦合模型;模型中完整地保留列车表面所受的气动力,解决了流固耦合中列车气动力的传递问题;最后基于建立的耦合模型,针对强横风作用下轨道结构的力学特性进行系统分析. 研究结果表明,当列车运行速度为350 km/h,风速从0变化到15 m/s时,钢轨背风侧处横向位移从0.177 mm增加到2.100 mm,增大了11.86倍,可见强横风条件下,要重点关注钢轨背风侧处横向力学特性;当风速超过15 m/s时,列车运行速度达到250 km/h,钢轨横向位移超出了最大允许值2.000 mm,表明长期的强横风作用将会导致轨道的几何形位发生改变,但此时轮重减载率和脱轨系数并未超出对应限值0.65和0.800. 因此,横风作用下不仅要考虑列车运行安全性指标,也要考虑轨道结构力学指标的变化.

     

  • 图 1  分析流程

    Figure 1.  Analysis process

    图 2  计算模型

    Figure 2.  Calculation model

    图 3  列车曲线段运行示意

    Figure 3.  Schematic diagram of train operation on curve

    图 4  列车表面气动压力

    Figure 4.  Aerodynamic pressure on train surface

    图 5  不同风向角列车气动力

    Figure 5.  Aerodynamic force under different cross-wind directions

    图 6  不同风速和车速下列车气动力

    Figure 6.  Aerodynamic force under different cross-wind speeds and vehicle speeds

    图 7  有限元软件中车辆模型

    Figure 7.  Train model in finite element software

    图 8  轮轨垂、横向力随车速和风速的变化

    Figure 8.  Vertical and lateral wheel track forces of rail varying with vehicle speed and wind speed

    图 9  脱轨系数随车速和风速的变化规律

    Figure 9.  Derailment coefficient varying with vehicle speed and wind speed

    图 10  轮重减载率随车速和风速的变化规律

    Figure 10.  Rate of wheel load reduction varying with vehicle speed and wind speed

    图 11  钢轨垂、横向位移随车速和风速的变化规律

    Figure 11.  Vertical and lateral displacements of rail varying with vehicle speed and wind speed

    图 12  钢轨垂、横向加速度随车速和风速变化规律

    Figure 12.  Vertical and lateral accelerations of rail varying with vehicle speed and wind speed

    表  1  轨道结构各部分材料参数

    Table  1.   Material parameters of each part of track structure

    部件密度/(kg•m−3杨氏模量/(N•mm−2泊松比
    钢轨7 8302.1 × 1050.300
    轨道板2 5003.7 × 1040.200
    CA砂浆2 4507.0 × 1030.167
    支承层2 4001.8 × 1040.167
    基床表层1 9501.8 × 1020.100
    基床底层1 9008.0 × 100.100
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  轨距动态变化量

    Table  2.   Gauge dynamic change mm

    车速/
    (km•h−1
    风速
    0~15 m/s
    风速
    15~20 m/s
    风速
    20~25 m/s
    2501.691.142.66
    3002.731.921.12
    3503.451.591.78
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2018-09-05
  • 修回日期:  2019-04-19
  • 网络出版日期:  2019-04-26
  • 刊出日期:  2020-10-01

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