Effect of Computational Grid on Uncertainty in Train Aerodynamics
-
摘要: 为评价计算网格对明线列车空气动力学数值仿真计算结果的影响，基于计算流体力学，研究了计算网格对列车气动特性的不确定性. 首先根据3种不同尺寸的计算网格及其计算结果，提出了计算网格对列车气动力和表面压力不确定性的计算方法；其次以ICE2列车为研究对象，划分了3种不同尺寸的计算网格，数值仿真得到了列车气动力和典型截面的压力；最后研究了该列车头车气动力和典型截面压力的不确定性. 研究结果表明：数值仿真得到的气动侧力系数与试验数据的误差仅为0.31%；车身迎风侧表面压力的不确定性接近于0；车身表面压力不确定性较大的位置主要位于车体底部，其最大不确定度达到1.42；头车侧力系数的不确定度为0.002 6，而头车升力系数的不确定度为0.509 3.Abstract: To evaluate the effect of computational grid on the numerical simulation results of train aerodynamics in open air, the uncertainty of the computational grid on train aerodynamic characteristics is studied based on computational fluid dynamics. First, according to the grids of three sizes and the corresponding calculation results, the calculation method for the uncertainty of the train aerodynamic forces and surface pressure is proposed. Second, the ICE2 (inter-city express) train is taken as an object, three different grids are generated, and the pressure on typical cross-sections and aerodynamic forces are obtained by numerical simulation. Finally, the uncertainty of the aerodynamic forces and pressure on typical cross-sections of this train is studied. The results show that the error in aerodynamic side force coefficient between the numerical simulation and experiment is only 0.31%; the uncertainty of the surface pressure on the windward side of vehicle body is close to 0. The position with a higher uncertainty of the surface pressure is mainly located at the bottom of car body, and its maximum uncertainty is 1.42. As for the head car, the uncertainty of the side force coefficient is 0.002 6, and the uncertainty of the lift force coefficient is 0.509 3.
-
Key words:
- train aerodynamics /
- uncertainty analysis /
- mesh /
- numerical simulation /
- aerodynamic forces
-
图 1 列车气动特性的不确定计算流程
Figure 1. Flow chart for the uncertainty calculation of train aerodynamics
-
STERN F, WILSON R, COLEMAN H W, et al. Comprehensive approach to verification and validation of CFD simulations—part 1:methodology and procedures[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2001, 123(4): 793-802. doi: 10.1115/1.1412235 WILSON R, STERN F, COLEMAN H W, et al. Comprehensive approach to verification and validation of CFD simulations—part 2:application for RANS simulation of a cargo/container ship[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2001, 123(4): 803-810. doi: 10.1115/1.1412236 ROY C J. Review of code and solution verification procedures for computational simulation[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 2005, 205(1): 131-156. doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.10.036 RICHARDSON L F. The approximate arithmetical solution by finite differences of physical problems involving differential equations with an application to the stresses in a masonry dam[J]. Philosaphical Transaction of the Royal Society of London,Series A, 1911, 210: 307-357. ROACHE P J. Perspective:a method for uniform reporting of grid refinement studies[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1994, 116: 405-413. doi: 10.1115/1.2910291 ECA L, HOEKSTRA M. A procedure for the estimation of the numerical uncertainty of CFD calculations based on grid refinement studies[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 2014, 262: 104-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.01.006 HEMIDA H, BAKER C J. LES of the flow around a freight wagon subjected to crosswind[J]. Comput. Fluids, 2010, 39(10): 1944-1956. doi: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.06.026 FLYNN D, HEMIDA H, SOPER D, et al. Detached-eddy simulation of the slipstream of an operational freight train[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2014, 132: 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2014.06.016 MORDEN J A, HEMIDA H, BAKER C J. Comparison of RANS and detached eddy simulation results to wind-tunnel data for the surface pressures upon a class 43 high-speed train[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2015, 137(4): 041108. doi: 10.1115/1.4029261 LI T, HEMIDA H, ZHANG J, et al. Comparisons of shear stress transport and detached eddy simulations of the flow around trains[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2018, 140(11): 111108. doi: 10.1115/1.4040672 ZHANG Jie, LI Jingjuan, TIAN Hongqi, et al. Impact of ground and wheel boundary conditions on numerical simulation of the high-speed train aerodynamic performance[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2016, 61: 249-261. doi: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.10.006 李田,张继业,张卫华. 列车通过引起轨侧脉动压力波的数值模拟[J]. 机械工程学报,2017,53(8): 115-123.LI Tian, ZHANG Jiye, ZHANG Weihua. Numerical simulation of train-induced aerodynamic impulse pressure waves beside the track[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 53(8): 115-123. NIU Jiqiang, ZHOU Dan, LIU Tanghong, et al. Numerical simulation of aerodynamic performance of a couple multiple units high-speed train[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2017, 55(5): 681-703. doi: 10.1080/00423114.2016.1277769 张亮,张继业,李田,等. 高速列车头型多目标气动优化设计[J]. 西南交通大学学报,2016,51(6): 1055-1063. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2016.06.003ZHANG Liang, ZHANG Jiye, LI Tian, et al. Multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design for head shape of high-speed trains[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2016, 51(6): 1055-1063. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2016.06.003 骆建军. 隧道入口侧风条件下高速铁路隧道内流场特性[J]. 西南交通大学学报,2017,52(4): 746-754. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2017.04.013LUO Jianjun. Tunnel entrance field characteristics induced by high speed train with crosswind at entrance[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2017, 52(4): 746-754. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2017.04.013 王政,李田,张继业. 不同类型横风下高速列车气动性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2018,54(4): 203-211.WANG Zheng, LI Tian, ZHANG Jiye. Research on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train subjected to different types of crosswind[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(4): 203-211. CELIK I B, GHIA U, ROACHE P J, et al. Procedure for estimation and reporting of uncertainty due to discretization in CFD applications[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2008, 130(7): 078001. doi: 10.1115/1.2960953 National Stomdards Authonity of Ireland. Railway applications-aerodynamics: part 6: requirements and test procedures for cross wind assessment: CEN 14067[S]. London: BSI, 2010 WU D. Predictive prospects of unsteady detached-eddy simulations in industrial external aerodynamic flow simulations[D]. Aachen: Lehrstuhl Für Strömungslehre und Aerodynamishes Institute Aachen 2004 国家铁路局. 铁路应用空气动力学: 第4部分: 列车空气动力学性能数值仿真规范: TBT3503.4— 2018[S]. 北京: 铁道出版社, 2018 ORELLANO A, SCHOBER M. Aerodynamic performance of a typical high speed train[C]//Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS International Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics. Greece: WSEAS, 2006: 18-25 HEMIDA H, KRAJNOVIĆ S. Exploring flow structures around a simplified ICE2 train subjected to a 30° side wind using LES[J]. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2014, 3(1): 28-41. -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(6)
计量
- 文章访问数: 475
- HTML全文浏览量: 196
- PDF下载量: 20
- 被引次数: 0