Fatigue Evaluation and Crack Propagation Characteristics of Rib-to-Deck Welded Joints in Steel Bridge Decks
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摘要: 为研究正交异性钢桥面板纵肋与顶板连接焊缝的裂纹扩展特性并建立相应的疲劳寿命评估方法，考虑裂纹扩展模拟方法以及材料特性等因素对于裂纹扩展过程与疲劳寿命预测的影响，以某长江公路大桥重载交通钢桥面板为研究对象，进行了疲劳模型试验和理论研究. 综合运用疲劳试验与断裂力学数值模拟研究起始于焊根位置裂纹的疲劳寿命评估问题，探明了疲劳裂纹的扩展特性. 研究结果表明：基于常幅疲劳加载的寿命预测结果与试验实测值间的相对误差小于10%，且预测结果偏于安全；裂纹扩展路径及裂纹面空间形态等扩展特性与疲劳试验相吻合；裂纹扩展模拟方法、扩展角计算准则、材料特性和初始裂纹深度是疲劳寿命预测的关键影响因素；起始于焊根的疲劳裂纹属于Ⅰ型主导的复合型裂纹，疲劳寿命评估应考虑Ⅱ型与Ⅲ型裂纹的影响；裂纹面呈现出典型的空间曲面特征，其深度与长度之比介于0.20～0.63之间，最大扩展角为12.7°；疲劳寿命评估结果对于初始裂纹深度取值较为敏感，应结合工程实际确定合理取值.Abstract: To investigate the fatigue crack growth characteristics and establish a fatigue life evaluation method for rib-to-deck (RTD) welded joints in orthotropic steel decks (OSDs), the influence of different simulation methods of fatigue crack propagation and material properties were considered. The OSD under heavy traffic in a highway bridge crossing the Yangtze River was taken as the research object, and fatigue tests and numerical simulation based on fracture mechanics were carried out. The fatigue life of RTD welded joints corresponding to cracks that originated from weld roots was reasonably predicted, and associated fatigue crack growth characteristics were revealed. The research results show that the relative errors between the predicted fatigue life under constant amplitude fatigue loading and measured values are less than 10%, and the assessment results tend to be safe. Fatigue crack growth paths and shape changes are basically consistent with those observed from fatigue testing. Simulation methods for fatigue crack growth, calculation criteria for kink angle, material parameter values, and initial crack depth are key factors that influence fatigue life prediction. Fatigue cracks initiated from weld roots are mixed-mode cracks dominated by mode I. The influence of mode II and mode III should be taken into account in fatigue life prediction. The crack shape shows the typical characteristic of a spatial curved surface with an aspect ratio between 0.20 and 0.63, and the maximum kink angle is 12.7°. The predicted fatigue life is fairly sensitive to the initial crack depth, which should be derived with reasonable consideration of engineering practice.
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图 4 裂纹扩展分析整体模型与实体子模型
Figure 4. Global model and solid submodel for crack growth analysis
图 6 裂纹扩展关键指标变化规律
Figure 6. Variations of key indicators during the crack growth process
表 1 基于裂纹扩展分析的疲劳寿命评估
Table 1. Fatigue life assessment based on crack propagation analysis
裂纹扩展分析方法 扩展角计算准则 试件Ⅰ 试件Ⅱ 疲劳寿命/ 万次 相对误差/% 疲劳寿命/万次 相对误差/% 拟静力 MTS 86.0 7.5 138.9 6.8 GEN 88.7 10.9 147.4 13.3 SERR 85.3 6.6 141.0 8.4 常幅疲劳加载 MTS 75.3 –5.9 120.1 –7.7 GEN 73.8 –7.8 117.7 –9.5 SERR 74.9 –6.4 120.9 –7.1 
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表 2 材料特性参数推荐值
Table 2. Recommended values of material parameters
参 数 IIW BS7910 BS7608 JSSC $C$ 5.21 3.98 3.0 20 $n$ 3 2.88 3 2.75 注：参数$C$的单位为N•mm–3/2；BS7910对应的参 数值为2005版此规范双线性Paris公式中阶 段B取值.
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