Optimization of Structural Setting Based on Forced Ventilation Method in Tunnel Under Construction
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摘要: 针对钻爆法施工隧道中压入通风方式造成的隧道内空气质量差、排尘久等缺点，在传统通风方式的基础上进行结构优化改进，形成抽出式风幕通风方式. 以吴家岭二级水电站新建I号、II号引水隧道为试验隧道，对两种通风方式条件下隧道内风速及游离SiO2粉尘扩散特点进行现场监测与对比分析，并应用有限元Ansys-CFD软件对游离SiO2粉尘浓度场演化特征进行了模拟分析. 研究结果表明：在抽出式风幕通风条件下通风35 min后，施工作业区内游离SiO2粉尘浓度即可达标，洞身区只存在少量极低浓度SiO2粉尘，作业区内SiO2粉尘浓度最大净化率较压入式通风方式提高了25.93%，隧体内施工环境大为改善.Abstract: Considering the disadvantages of poor air quality and prolonged dust removal caused by the forced ventilation mode in tunnel construction using drilling and blasting methods, the extractive and air curtain ventilation mode was developed by structure optimization and improvement over the traditional ventilation mode. Diversion tunnels I and II of Wujialing second stage hydropower station were used as the research site, with wind speed and characteristics of free SiO2 dust diffusion monitored and comparatively analysed on site. Moreover, the evolution characteristics of the free SiO2 dust concentration field were simulated and analysed using Ansys-CFD. The results indicate that the concentration of free SiO2 dust in the working area can reach the standard after ventilating for 35 min under the extractive and air curtain ventilation mode, with little free SiO2 dust and a low concentration of dust in the tunnel body area. In addition, the maximum purification rate of SiO2 dust in the working area is 25.93% higher than that in the forced ventilation mode, and the construction environment in the tunnel is greatly improved.
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图 1 风幕通风结构示意
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the extractive and air curtain ventilation mode
图 2 吴家岭二级水电站新建引水隧道施工概况图
Figure 2. General outline of construction of new diversion tunnel at Wujialing second stage hydropower station
图 4 试验隧道内纵向轴线监测点位上的风速
Figure 4. Wind velocity at monitoring points on longitudinal axis in test tunnel
图 5 试验隧道内游离SiO2粉尘浓度演化
Figure 5. Evolution of free SiO2 dust concentration in test tunnels
图 6 压入式通风条件下隧道内游离SiO2粉尘浓度场演化特征
Figure 6. Evolution characteristics of free SiO2 dust concentration field in tunnel under forced ventilation mode
图 7 抽出式风幕通风条件下隧道内游离SiO2粉尘浓度场演化特征
Figure 7. Evolution characteristics of free SiO2 dust concentration field in tunnel under extractive and air curtain ventilation mode
表 1 通风机标定技术参数
Table 1. Specifications of ventilators
型号 档位 风量/
（m3•min–1）风压/
kPa功率/
kW风速/
（m•s–1）SDF（C）
—14高速 3 200 6.8 360 5.24 中速 2 000 3.1 120 3.28 低速 1 600 1.7 50 2.62 SDF（C）—13.5 高速 2 600 5.9 260 4.26 中速 1 900 2.7 80 3.11 低速 1 400 1.4 34 2.30 高速 2 100 4.6 145 3.44 SDZ—11.5 中速 1 500 2.1 45 2.46 低速 1 100 1.1 20 1.80 SSF—12.5 定速 2 000 2.5 75 3.27 
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表 2 监测设备标定技术参数
Table 2. Specifications of monitoring equipment
参数类型 风速测量 粉尘监测 仪器型号 QY—JL24型 LD—3C型 测量范围 0～60 m/s 低：0.01～300 mg/m3
高：0.001～10 mg/m3灵敏度 — 低：0.010 mg/m3
高：0.001 mg/m3精度 ± 0.1 m/s ± 10% 重复误差 1% 2% 测定时间 1～24 h 手动设置 设备存储 6 999组
数据循环99组
数据
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表 3 Ansys-CFD求解器与流场边界条件设置
Table 3. Solver settings and boundary conditions of the flow field in Ansys-CFD
求解器参数 类型 时间状态 离散项 模型 物质名称 总质量流率/（kg•s–1） 定义 基于压力 非定常 开启 κ-epsilon SiO2 0.848 边界类型 风幕喷口 通风管口 隧道壁/掌子面 衬砌台车 壁面类型 隧道口 定义 速度入口 速度入口 壁面 壁面 捕捉 流量出口
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