Study of Aerodynamic Characteristics in Detached Cooling Module Based on Cluster Analysis
-
摘要: 为了研究独立式冷却模块中多热交换器气动特性之间的集群效应，以典型双热交换器工程机械独立式冷却模块为例进行试验与数值仿真研究. 采用多孔介质模型模拟热交换器，利用多重参考坐标系方法模拟风扇性能，建立4种不同热交换器布置方案下的独立式冷却模块数值模型，对比分析气动特性，并进行冷却模块气动性能试验；通过改变热交换器间面积比与厚度比，完成独立式冷却模块气动特性主动控制方法的数值仿真研究. 研究结果表明：独立式冷却模块气动特性上具有独特的集群效应，即当热交换器呈对置方式布置时，不论两者的倾斜角度如何，气动阻力都相等；数值仿真发现相比于面积比控制，当采用厚度比控制的主动控制策略时，改变独立式冷却模块热交换器之间的厚度比，流量比变化更为平缓，且受风扇转速的影响更小，并据此得到两热交换器之间冷却风量、气动阻力与结构参数之间的试验关联式.Abstract: Numerical and experimental studies were conducted to investigate the cluster effect of aerodynamic characteristics in detached cooling modules with multiple types of heat exchangers, considering the typical dual heat exchangers in construction machinery cooling modules as examples. The porous media model was used to simulate the heat exchanger, and the multiple reference frame method was used to simulate fan performance. Numerical analyses and further experimental research of the cooling modules were conducted under four different heat exchanger arrangements. Using numerical methods, the control method for the aerodynamic characteristics of an independent cooling module was studied by adjusting the area and thickness ratios of the heat exchanger. The experimental and numerical simulation results show that the aerodynamic characteristics of the independent cooling module is unique: when the two heat exchangers are arranged in opposing positions, the aerodynamic drag is equal regardless of the inclination angles of the exchangers. Numerical simulations of the active control method for aerodynamic characteristics show the following: Compared to modifying the area ratio of the heat exchanger, thickness ratio modification is a active control strategy because the flow rate ratio changes more gently and is less affected by the fan speed. Based on these findings, the experimental correlations among cooling air volume, aerodynamic drag, and structural parameters of the two heat exchangers are obtained.
-
Key words:
- cooling system /
- cluster analysis /
- heat exchanger /
- aerodynamics /
- adaptive control
-
图 2 气动阻力仿真与试验结果对比
Figure 2. Comparison of aerodynamic resistance between CFD and experiment
图 3 不同独立式冷却模块方案气动特性分布
Figure 3. Aerodynamic characteristic distribution at different schemes
图 4 不同方案下冷却模块流线及速度场分布
Figure 4. Pressure contour and streamline distribution at different schemes
图 5 独立式冷却模块气动性能试验台
Figure 5. Performance test system of detached vehicular cooling module
图 6 热交换器气动阻力随倾斜角度变化曲线
Figure 6. Aerodynamic drag distribution at different inclination angles
图 7 不同风扇转速下热交换器冷却风量分布
Figure 7. Distribution of heat exchanger air volume under different fan speeds
图 8 不同风扇转速下热交换器无量纲阻力分布
Figure 8. Distribution of heat exchanger dimensionless resistance under different fan speeds
表 1 冷却模块几何参数表
Table 1. Geometric parameters of cooling module
部件名称 参数值 水散热器 800（长） × 800（宽） × 100（高） 中冷器 800（长） × 800（宽） × 100（高） 冷却风风扇 ϕ 650，10叶片，吸风式 导风罩 ϕ 680 舱体 1 000（长） × 1 000（宽） × 1 000（高） 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 热交换器几何参数
Table 2. Geometric parameters of heat exchangers
翅片参数 水散热器 中冷器 气侧翅片类型 平直翅片 平直翅片 翅片节距Fp 2.00 2.5 翅片高度Fh 7.50 8.0 翅片长度Ld 56.00 53.0 翅片厚度δ 0.15 0.2 水力直径Dc 1.75 2.1
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 冷却模块气动性能试验方案
Table 3. Test scheme for aerodynamic performance
方案 台架结构 风扇转速/(r • min–1) 1 对置分布，未倾斜 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800 2 对置分布，倾斜10° 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800 3 对置分布，倾斜20° 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800 4 对置分布，倾斜30° 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800
下载: 导出CSV
-
韩松, 陆国栋, 俞小莉, 等. 智能型工程机械冷却系统: 中国, ZL200920116820.1[P]. 2009-04-02 杨立军,杜小泽,张辉,等. 电站空冷凝汽器轴流风机阵列集群效应的数值研究[J]. 科学通报,2011,56(15): 1232-1239YANG Lijun, DU Xiaoze, ZHANG Hui, et al. Numerical investigation on the cluster effect of an array of axial flow fans for air-cooled condensers in a power plant[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(15): 1232-1239 吕锋,俞小莉,陆国栋,等. 密封对柴油机冷却模块性能影响的试验研究[J]. 内燃机工程,2012,33(3): 45-48LÜ Feng, YU Xiaoli, LU Guodong, et al. Experimental study on effect of encapsulation of cooling module for diesel engine[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2012, 33(3): 45-48 张毅,俞小莉,陆国栋,等. 间距对散热器模块匹配性能影响的试验研究[J]. 内燃机工程,2006,27(5): 46-49ZHANG Yi, YU Xiaoli, LU Guodong, et al. Experimental study of distance between heat exchangers for cooling module match[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2006, 27(5): 46-49 张毅,陆国栋,俞小莉. 商用车多风扇冷却模块匹配研究[J]. 汽车工程,2014(5): 552-555ZHANG Yi, LU Guodong, YU Xiaoli. A study on the matching of multi-fans cooling module for commercial vehicles[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2014(5): 552-555 陆国栋,俞小莉,张毅,等. 间距对轮式装载机冷却组性能影响的风洞试验[J]. 浙江大学学报:工学版,2007(4): 574-576LU Guodong, YU Xiaoli, ZHANG Yi, et al. Wind tunnel test of spacing effects on wheel loader cooling package performance[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University: Engineering Science, 2007(4): 574-576 SOLDNER J, ZOBEL W, EHLERS M, et al. A compact cooling system (CCS™): the key to meet future demands in heavy truck cooling[C/OL]//Proceedings of the 2001 Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition, Warwickshire: SAE Technical Paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/ 2001-01-1709 DU X P, ZENG M, WANG Q W. Experimental investigation of heat transfer and resistance characteristics of a finned oval-tube heat exchanger with different air inlet angles[J]. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2014, 35(6/7/8): 703-710 石海民,俞小莉,陆国栋,等. 多风扇冷却模块节能控制的试验研究[J]. 汽车工程,2017,39(1): 102-106SHI Haimin, YU Xiaoli, LU Guodong, et al. An experimental study on energy-saving control of multi-fan cooling module[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2017, 39(1): 102-106 石海民,俞小莉,黄钰期,等. 多风扇冷却模块导风罩深度结构研究[J]. 浙江大学学报:工学版,2017,51(9): 1844-1850SHI Haimin, YU Xiaoli, HUANG Yuqi, et al. Shroud depth structure of multi-fans cooling package[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University: Engineering Science, 2017, 51(9): 1844-1850 GULLBERG P, LOFDAHL L, NILSSON P. Cooling airflow system modeling in cfd using assumption of stationary flow[C/OL]//SAE 2011 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress and Echibition, Rosement SAE Technical Paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2182 Fluent Inc. ANSYS FLUENT 14 User’s guide[M/CD]. Pittsburgh: ANSYS Press, 2012: 312−336 傅佳宏,俞小莉,刘震涛,等. 工程机械分离式冷却系统流动传热数值仿真[J]. 中南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(6): 2119-2124FU Jiahong, YU Xiaoli, LIU Zhentao, et al. Numerical study of flow and heat transfer on construction machinery detached vehicular cooling system[J]. Journal of Central South University: Science and Technology, 2016, 47(6): 2119-2124 傅佳宏,俞小莉,药凌宇,等. 工程机械独立式冷却模块流动传热仿真对比[J]. 吉林大学学报:工学版,2016,46(2): 451-456FU Jiahong, YU Xiaoli, YAO Lingyu, et al. Numerical comparison of flow and heat transfer in detached cooling module for construction machinery[J]. Journal of Jilin University: Engineering and Technology Edition, 2016, 46(2): 451-456 -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 335
- HTML全文浏览量: 135
- PDF下载量: 22
- 被引次数: 0